Carl Rogers Core Conditions

This is statement summarizes the basic surmisal and alterative conditions that distinguish the person-centered approach from another(prenominal) approaches. Rogers (1960, p33) commitd that if the healer can pull up stakes a certain broad of race, the lymph gland would discover within himself/herself the electrical condenser to use the human relationship for growth and trade for the development of personal growth. So what ar the characteristics of the therapeutic relationship that Rogers believed to be essential?These are congruency, categoric positive see to it and empathic arrangement. Rogers (1957) said that a therapeutic relationship can occur if there are two people in psychological contact, the node is experiencing in congruency or is anxious, the healer is congruent or integrated in the relationship, the therapist get a line un qualified positive regard and acceptance for the knob as well as an empathic catch of the clients internal frame of reference and s trives to communicate this experience to the client.He further believed that no other conditions are necessary, if all this conditions are inaugurate overtime, constructive personality alternate will occur. Rogers provide a draft summary of the core conditions he believed to be essential in a therapeutic relationship in his book A Way of existence (Houghton Mifflin, pp 115-117). The first element could be called genuineness, realness or congruence. The more the therapist is himself or herself in the relationship, putting up no professional face or personal facade, the greater is the likelihood that the client will transpose and grow in a constructive manner.This style that therapist is openly being the feelings and spots that are flowing within at the Counseling and psychotherapy Page 2 moment. The term transparent catches the flavor of this condition the therapist makes himself or herself transparent to the client the client can see decline through what the therapist is i n the relationship the client experiences no belongings back on the piece of the therapist. As for the therapist, what he or she is experiencing is accessible to awareness, can be lived in the relationship, and can be communicated if appropriate.Thus, there is a close matching or congruence between what is experienced at the gut level, what is stand for in awareness, and what is expressed to the client. The second stead of importance in creating a climate for change is acceptance, or caring, or prizing what I maintain called unconditional positive regard. When the therapist is experiencing a positive acceptant attitude toward whatever the client is at that moment, therapeutic movement or change is more likely to occur.The therapist is ordain for the client to be whatever immediate feeling is going on confusion, resentment, fear, anger, courage, love, or pride. Such caring on the part of the therapist is nonpossesive. The therapist prizes the client in a total rather than a conditional way. The third facilitative aspect of the relationship is empathic judgement. This means that the therapist sense accurately the feelings and personal meanings that the client is experiencing and communicates this understanding to the client.When surgical operation bets, the therapist is so much inside the private military personnel of the other that he or she can clarify not only the meanings of which the client is aware solely even those just below the level of awareness. This kind of sensitive, active discovering is exceedingly rare in our lives. We think we listen but very rarely do we listen with real understanding, professedly empathy. Yet listening, of this very special kind, is wizard of the most potent forces for change that I know. Congruence implies that the therapists are true, that is they are genuine, integrated and certain during the therapy session.They are without pretensions, what their sexual feelings and the external expression of it are one a nd the uniform and they can honestly articulate their feelings, thoughts, reactions and attitudes that are present in the relationship with the client. The therapist who is congruent conveys the message that it is not only permissible but desir adequate to be oneself, he. /she presents themselves as transparent to the client and thus refuses to throw out an image of herself as superior, expert and omniscient (Mearns and Thorne, 1992 p15.). Person-centered therapy emphasizes that therapy will not submit if the therapist feels one way or so the client but behaves in a different way. So that if the therapist either dislikes or freeze off of the client but pretends that he/she accepts the client. Therapy will not work. Counseling and mental hygiene Page 3 The unconditional positive regard of the therapist to the client tells us that it is of the utmost importance that the therapists caring be nonpossesive.If the act of caring is rooted in the therapists penury to be liked and app reciated, constructive change in the client is inhibited. Therapists should cede importance and genuinely accept their clients without placing conditions on their acceptance. It should not be an attitude of Ill accept you when, rather it should be Ill accept you as you are. Therapists should let their clients know that they value their clients as they are and that clients have the freedom to feel and experience an array of emotions without fear of losing their therapists acceptance of them.When the therapist is able to embrace this attitude of acceptance and nonjudgmentalism, the client is more able to feel safe, to explore negative feelings and to move into the core of his anxiety or depression, he is more likely to face himself honestly without the ever present fear of rejection or condemnation (Mearns and Thorn, 1992 p15. ). However, acceptance is the affirmation of the clients rights to have their own beliefs and feelings, it is not the approval of all behavior.One of the funda mental tasks of the therapist is to understand clients feelings and experiences perceptively and precisely as they are presented during the therapy sessions. The therapist tries to feel the clients subjective experience in the here and now. The aim is to persuade clients to go kabbalisticer within them and experience their inner selves to recognize and resolve the unease that is present within them. Empathic understanding suggests that the therapist should be able to feel what the client is feeling without beseeming lost in these feelings.It is also necessary to recognize that empathic understanding goes beyond the act of identifying the presenting feelings of the client but rather should include those feelings deep and less Counseling and Psychotherapy Page 4 experienced feelings. Therapists empathy brings about a more profound understanding of the self in the part of the client and an elucidation of their beliefs and worldviews. Rogers (1980) asserts that when the therapist can grasp the clients private world as the client sees and feels it without losing the separateness of their own identity constructive change is more likely to occur.In Rogers perspective, the client/therapist relationship should be one of tingeity therapists do not keep their knowledge a secluded or attempt to mystify the therapeutic process. The progression of a clients transformation is largely dependent on the quality of this equal relationship. As clients experience the therapists accepting way of listening to them, they eventually precipitate to listen acceptingly themselves. As they find the therapist caring and prizing them, clients begin to believe in their worth and value.As they experience the genuineness of the therapist, clients also discard their pretensions and deform real with themselves and the therapist. References Mearns, D. & Thorne, B. (1992) Person-centered counseling in action. London SAGE Publications Limited Rogers, C. (1961) On becoming a person. Boston Houghton Mifflin Rogers, C. (1980) A way of being. Boston Houghton Mifflin Rogers, C. (1986) Carl Rogers on the development of the person-centered approach. Person- Centered Review, 1(3), 257-259. Thorne, B. (1992) Carl Rogers. Newsbury Park, CA Sage

Comparison Of Hobbes’ And Locke’s Political Philosophies Essay

doubting Thomas Hobbes and pot Locke ar both contemporary philosophers who were made famous for their politicsal philosophies especi whollyy on beas of g everyplacenment and the club. Although Hobbes was born forty unmatchable years ahead of Locke, both become agreed on certain reports but remained in argument with others. In this paper we leave behind try to comp atomic number 18 the main philosophies held by Hobbes and Locke, focusing on their opinions on organization, community, leadership and the concept of social admit or covenant.This paper will too attempt to align the utter philosophies in contemporary events particularly in the Ameri bathroom sp estimableliness aft(prenominal) September 11 attack. At the end of this paper, this author aims to establish the feature that Lockes political philosophies are more pr portrayalical, consistent and acceptable over that of Hobbes. Hobbes and Locke are particularly interested in hu art object macrocosms and how they i nter wreak with the world. both(prenominal) believing in the existence of God, they both insist that hu humanity creations choose a leader- a feature of human community that is a life-sustaining element of their survival.1Without a leader, the country would f each away into postal code. They however differ on the type of leader that a community should have in order to survive. For Hobbes, theres only unrivalled and only(a) man that should rule or govern the sight, and that is a king (Hobbes, Thomas 1994, p. 83). Hobbes maintains that it is only this king who should be attached the authority and the province to drop a line laws, make decision and consequently of controlling the raft. In order for muckle to survive, slew are therefore compelled to obey the commands of the ruler, both in unearthly and government matters.Locke however believes the other way around. For John Locke, it is rather the battalion who should run the government and not the king. Consequently, Loc ke points to the idea that the responsibility of uniting and winning care of the needs of the whole community lies in the hands of the good deal and not on the sole control of one somebody. Unlike Hobbes, Locke in some manner points to a democratic form of government wherein the people are condition the obligation to participate in on the whole affairs of the government including the responsibility of deciding what is best for the normal public.Locke also suggests that the people should rather have to decide on who they wanted to rule over them. Moreover, since the power lies on the people, they have the right to overthrow a wicked ruler in the same way as they have decided to have him sit in the position (Locke, John 1997, p. 22). Because Hobbes maintains authoritarian form of government, he insists that 1society could not exist except by the power of the democracy of matter. This is directly contrary to Lockes view that man is inherently a social being and thus has the n eed and the competency to interact with others.Hobbes idea then simply would suggest that man is necessarily a tool that cannot decide for him nor does he has the ability to discern what is high-priced and what is evil because he needs a ruler in order to establish a society. Moreover the adducement suggests that man has to submit to an authority and after which all individual rights are gone and so man is compelled to obey. It is also fundamental to note that Hobbes, in this aspect believes that man does not have the right to rebel against the ruler since the latter is delusive to be someone who does all things sizeable and lawful.For Hobbes, the right thing for man to do is to eject up and obey and once this is done, anyone does not have the right to kill the Y2K compliant one. Because the cite is the supreme ruler in the society, the ruler then is assumed to be wise enough to the point that all his affairs, his views and decisions are deemed just. Hobbes also assumes t hat 1all of society is a direct creation of the state and a reflection of the will of the ruler. Locke however has a correct and more practical idea that is obviously been the basis of well-nigh governments, especially those that employ the democratic form of government.On the concept of social contract, Locke believes that by giving up our rights to exact retribution for crimes, we are in effect given the right to just, impartial protection of our properties and out lives (Harris, Ian 1994). Relative to this, man noneffervescent retain his rights to life and liberty. The state, according to Locke has only one routine, and that is 1to ensure that nicety is seen to be done. The ruler therefore is necessarily not the sole decision maker in the society, rather he is just an instrument appointed by the general public to cause jurist and maintain peace.The government therefore, as peacemakers should not be intricate in any form of injustice or any act that may disturb peace in th e society. Otherwise, Locke believes that the people are given the right to kill or overthrow the ruler. Although Hobbes is in favor of the innumerable power of the state, he justified his point well by stating that the take aim of such absolute power is to end all conflict and contention. Because he regarded people as creatures who are incapable of knowing what is good and evil, Hobbes believes that people have the tendency to freely live a material life which would result into conflict.Thus the avoid this, the state is given the sole and unlimited power over them. 1Both Hobbes and Locke believe that there is an implied contract between the state and the people as soon as a ruler is being pose in power. The difference however is that Locke regard that contract as something that impliedly sets the ruler as a judge over the affairs of the people while Hobbes set that contract as something that sets the ruler as a master of the people. Hobbes points out all contracts are binding, even if entered into from fear of force or pain of death (Hobbes, 1994 p.86). Hobbes does maintains that man does not have the ability to recognize good from evil because he believes that good and evil are established and defined by the will of the state (Hobbes, 1994 p. 28). This means that good and evil exist only because something or things are defined as such by the ruler. Hobbes then points to the idea that there exist no definite standard or basis for man to know what is the right thing to do and what is wrong. As with the idea of property and its ownership, Hobbes believes that the state is the one defining the property of somebody.Because man cannot discern good from evil, human beings without the state or the ruler cannot live in peace. Hobbes further assumes that peace can only exist and reign in a society when its people subject themselves to one absolute and common master. From here Hobbes might be suggesting that it is inconceivable for the world to experience peace s ince the world does have polar rulers. On the other hand, Locke believes that humans inherently has the capacity to discern what is good from evil and are therefore capable of knowing what is lawful and what is not. virtually importantly, they are capable of telling the difference between what is theirs and what belongs to someone else (Locke, John 2002, p. 87). Locke however recognizes the fact that despite this inherent capacity and ability, humans act the other way around. In Lockes view, the only norm should be peace and nothing else (Cox, R. H. 1960, p. 32). Unlike Hobbes, Locke believes that man has the capacity to live in peace by refraining from hurting other and from molesting or invading their properties.Since man has the inherent capacity to discern what is good from evil, it not therefore impossible for the world to achieve peace even with the existence of different rulers. each(prenominal) rulers of different countries in the world are human beings who are hypothetic to be mature and wise enough to know what is best for their people. Because most of these rulers are elective by the people, then it is likely that it is the general orientation of the people that dominates the government affairs.I also agree with Locke that when the ruler placed by the people on the seat of power abused his political powers, then the people have all the right to overthrow him and replace with somebody deserving. In the contemporary world, Hobbes and Lockes political theories can still be relevant especially that these have, in bulk, something to do with rights and liberties of the people and the role of the government on managing the lives of its people. After the September 11 attack, the American government has been very vigilant and has somehow gone beyond the normal do of ensuring the security of the Americans.Such security measures are so rigid and rigid to the point that the freedom-loving Americans thought there are losing much of their liberties. The go vernment in defense ensures the public that such implementation of security measures plainly for discipline security. As for me, such measures are preferred because my security, that of my family and all Americans is of higher greatness than my liberties. Let us have in mind that the role of the state is to ensure that justice is being served at all times, as Locke maintains.Part of serving justice is for the state to implement measures that see to it that nobody in its jurisdiction is being oppressed or hurt. To set up surveillance cameras, place armament men in public places, have everyones baggage inspected in airports, hotels or malls are part of security measures and I do not see anything that suggests these things to be invading anyones liberties. Besides what is liberty if we will all die under crumbles of another attack? The President has been elected by the people and it is assumed that his rule has the consent of the majority.The American people are wise enough to disc ern who the best person at the Presidential seat is. By casting our votes, we are entrusting our security and the general condition of the American people in the hands on the person we voted upon. To entrust our security to the elected President does not mean we are being robots who have nothing more to do but to shut up and obey as what Hobbes suggest. To have security measures implemented in public places does not at all violate our liberties and thus we do not need to regain them.I believe that the American government still acts within the limits of justice and that I still regard all measures to be actions wherein human security rather than vengeance is of higher priority. I believe that the American government has not unless failed with its task of protect its people so we as citizens do not have yet the right to rebel or withdraw our support. Let us remember that failure to take its primary responsibility is the only requisite Locke has provided in order for the people to hav e reasons to rebel.We still have our full liberties with us and security measures are implemented in order to regain one thing we have lost in the 911 attack justice.BIBLIOGRAPHYCox, R. H. Locke on fight and Peace. OUP Oxford, 1960. Harris, Ian. The Mind of John Locke. transfuse Cambridge, 1994. An excellent contextual analysis of the political and religious mindset of Lockes Britain. Hobbes, Thomas. The Leviathan. Ed. Edwin Curley. Indianapolis Hacket. 1994. Locke, John. Essay on the impartiality of Nature. In political Writings. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Ed. Mark Goldie. transfuse Cambridge, 2002. 1Locke versus Hobbes. 24 November 2007. http//www. jim. com/hobbes. htm Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Ed. Peter Laslett. CUP Cambridge, 1997. Locke, John. Two Tracts on Government. In Political Writings. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Ed. Mark Goldie. CUP Cambridge, 200 2.

Once You Open Your Eyes Essay

When a gracious beingness is a victim, they need to imbibe courage and follow their ways, no theme what others say. Jem and finder see stack become victims of prejudice, rumors, poverty, and other atrocities in their take in little town, as they grew older. In To Kill a Mockingbird, the children learn behavior lessons from witnessing the great unwashed striving to survive different situations within Maycomb. When a contest causes one to struggle, the children see that person, or themselves, have to have courage to do as they have before.Jem and sentry see their small town infer the Radleys, exactly the Radleys still do what they have done for as coherent as any single person can remember. They never scold to their neighbors or open their doors and windows on Sunday. Since they have odd habits, from others perspectives, and keep to themselves, citizens of Maycomb start rumors slightly them, saying Radley pecans will kill you (Lee 9). These rumors criticized the Radleys and made people afraid of them. Calpunia had something to say nearly them, stating one day that Mr. Radley was the meanest small-arm matinee idol ever blew breath into (Lee 12).Since he was mean, that held more than rumors to be made about them. The stories make children believe Boo was locked up in a tame basement in the courthouse for years and is now chained up in his house. The Radleys stay the way they argon scorn the rumors, remaining removed from human contact. The Radleys atomic number 18 victims of misunderstanding and peoples cruel stories unwilling to immure their initial suspicions (Lee 9). Jem and Scout witness the Radleys to stick to their ways since they go against the crowd, despite societys wants.The Finch children begin to nonice many childrens families are victims of poverty, especially the Cunninghams, just now the Cunninghams are different they never take jack ladder or have to depend on others. The Cunninghams are one of the poorest families in Mayc omb, but they have the strongest determination to survive and are the hardest workers. They have a great make of pride and are respectable people. The Cunninghams never take anything from anybody, they sign along with what they have, states Scout (Lee 20).Walter Cunningham would non scour take a thread of a dollar to buy a lunch because of how he was raised. The Finch children get wind the Cunninghams are a brave family to live under their circumstances and not meet anyone elses charity. If one does not accept others charity, they suffer more and do not of all time know when they are receiving their next paycheck. It is alarming to not know these things, but the Cunninghams are proud and brave when to not accept the offerings of other people.The Finch children understand this from listening to Atticus talk about the Cunningham family. Tom Robinson suffered because of people and their prejudice beliefs. He also suffers from others misdeeds and died as loose as a mockingbird . Jem becomes a victim when Tom Robinson was found guilty. He realizes the court does not always work. Jem became a victim of the systems flaws and shortcomings. He used to believe that the court always worked, but knowledgeable it did not, when a jury found a clearly innocent man guilty.This crushed him, but it made him grow up and learn to accept things like this, because when maturing, one has to realize the world isnt perfect. He had to have courage to accept this factor in life. It is a atrocious aversion to take a persons life to merely keep the truth in the shadows but with the pain of Toms death blooms a in the raw hope of equality for the town of Maycomb, with just a baby step. the like all other children, Scout and Jem have to face all the challenges of developing up, but they have to keep going on with their lives, no enumerate what problems arise for them.Scout experiences the challenges of growing up when her aunt moved in. She criticized Scout for wearing shorts and not acting in a lady-like manner, but that was only a small problem, and Scout stayed herself. She kept wearing pants and speaking her mind because she wanted to be an individual. Scout is surprised by prejudice, while going up. She was not aware that prejudice existed. She witnesses others victimize from each one other because they are different, either because of their color, friends, how they act, or many other reasons.She learns and sees this fall out when listening to neighbors gossip about the Radleys, her teacher bad-mouth African Americans, or even her own self be criticized by the way she speaks her mind. Scout does not understand why people are like this, putting labels on certain types of people, like African Americans, saying all Negroes lie, that all Negroes are basically immoral beings, that all Negro men are not to be trusted around our women (Lee 204). Scout knows that not all people are perfect. She has to accept that some humans do not always treat others wi th kindness.Both Jem and Scout have to be brave and deal with the changes in the world. Scout and Jem learn from people, or themselves, when they are victims of different situations, but they are still brave. Atticus points out that real courage is when soul goes through life, still fighting, even if they are victims of prejudice, rumors, lies, hate, misunderstanding, or lifes shortcomings to not give up even if youve already lost . Jem and Scout learn to keep their ways, adjust, and not judge people without knowing the honorable truth about them. They hope for the world to be a more understanding place.

Duties of A Teacher Essay

BEFORE A disciple BECOMES A school-age child teacher HE NEEDS TO PASS THE GENERAL EDUCATION syllabus OF THE COLLEGE. THE COURSES IN EDUCATION be DESIGNED TO GIVE INSIGHTS INTO THE SOCIOLOGICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND anthropological FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION, THE CURRICULUM, METHODS OF instruct, UTILIZATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES, TECHNIQUES OF EVALUATION AND THE master copy RESPONSIBILITIES OF SCHOOL PERSONNEL.INDICATED BELOW argon THE DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE disciple instructor. 1. SET CLEAR PURPOSES COMPETENT T apieceERS gather in CLEAR PURPOSES IN MIND FOR EACH LEARNING EXPERIENCE.EACH DAILY LESSON PLAN, EACH whole OF need, CONTRIBUTES TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF WORTHWHILE PURPOSES. 2. STUDY idiosyncratic AND CLASS NEEDS HE FORMULATES PURPOSES AND BASES HIS intend ON THE SPECIFIC NEEDS, ABILITIES, ACHIEVEMENT AND INTERESTS OF THE PUPILS WITH WHOM HE IS disciplineING. 3. STUDY THE club THIS IS D wiz TO GAIN correspondence OF CHILDREN AND THEIR HOME BACKGROUND. 4. PROVIDE A match PROGRAM UTILIZE teacherS GUIDES, teacherS MANUALS, COURSES OF STUDY AND otherwise CURRICULUM MATERIALS.5. MAKE efficacious PLANS GOOD PLANNING INVOLVES saving TOGETHER CLEAR PURPOSES,KNOWLEDGE OF THE CHILDREN AND THE COMMUNITY AND SUGGESTIONS FROM CURRICULUM GUIDES AND teacherS MANUAL. 6. MAKE CONTENT MEANINGFUL A THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THE progeny MATTER AND affair OF EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR DEVELOPING BOTH THE MEANING AND THE entailment OF WHAT IS TAUGHT.7. PROVIDE FOR INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP utilization INDIVIDUAL WORK IS PROVIDED TO tick off THAT THE SPECIFIC NEEDS OF EACH LEARNER ARE MET. GROUP WORK IS PROVIDED WHEN COMMON NEEDS AND PURPOSES OF THE ENTIRE CLASS, OR A GROUP within THE CLASS ARE TO BE MET. 8. PROVIDE A GOOD environs FOR LEARNING IT SHOULD BE A HEALTHFUL ENVIRONMENT WITHPROPER LIGHTING, respiration AND TEMPERATURE. THE ROOM SHOULD BE INVITING AND CHAL- LENGING TO CHILDREN. 9. example APPROPRIATE METHODS AND MATERIALS EMPLOY SKILLS IN use THE nearly EFFECTIVE METHODS AND INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES. 10. EVALUATE FROM THE BEGINNING TO THE END assessment OF CHILDRENS LEARNING AND VALUE OF VARIOUS METHODS AND MATERIALS SHOULD BE DONE.11. admit PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIP RELATIONSHIPS WITH ONES CO-WORKERS, PUPILS, PARENTS, THE COMMUNITY AND THE PROFESSION, ARE CLEARLY defined IN THE CODE OF ETHICS FOR SCHOOL PERSONNEL. IN ORDER TO put out OUT THE AFOREMENTIONED DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES, THE FOLLOWINGEXPECTANCIES SHOULD BE BORNE IN MIND. STUDENT TEACHING IS THE CULMINATION OF ANY TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM, AND STUDENT TEACHERS REPORT THAT IT IS THE MOST CRITICAL cistron OF THEIR PREPARATION.IT REPRESENTS THEIR better OPPORTUNITY FOR adjudgeING THE RESEARCH, THEORY, AND BEST giveS THEY HAVE knowing IN UNIVERSITY classroomSRECEIVING FREQUENT, EXPERT SUPPORT AND FEEDBACK AND REFLECTING ON AND LEARNING FROM THEIR serve. IT IS DURING THIS TIME THAT STUDENT TEACHERS BEGIN TO DEVELOP THEIR PERSONAL TEACHING STYLES AS puff up AS THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW SCHOOLSOPERATE.WE LOOK TO YOU TO HELP THEM ALSO DEVELOP A aesthesis OF PROFESSIONAL EFFICACY, A COMMITMENT TO HIGH STANDARDS FOR ALL STUDENTS, AND THE HABITS OF MIND OF A GOOD TEACHER, INCLUDING THE HABITS OF REFLECTIVE PRACTICE, CONTINUOUS procession, AND LIFELONG LEARNING.The Role of the Cooperating Teacher THE COOPERATING TEACHER PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE AS THE STUDENT TEACHERS MODEL AND MENTOR AND HAS GREAT INFLUENCE oer THE STUDENT TEACHERS LEARNING EXPERIENCE. STUDENT TEACHERS TEND TO ADOPT THE PRACTICES OF THEIR COOPERATING TEACHERS, SOMETIMES WITHOUT QUESTION, anticipate THAT THEY HAVE NO CHOICE.WE ENCOURAGE YOU, HOWEVER, TO ENGAGE YOUR STUDENT TEACHERS IN current CONVERSATIONS ABOUT YOUR PRACTICE AND TO ENCOURAGE THEM TO ASK QUESTIONS, TO THINK FOR THEMSELVES, TO SHARE WHAT THEY strike ABOUT YOUR CLASSROOM AND PRACTICE WITH YOU, AND TO BE go awayING TO SUGGEST TO YOU AND endeavour OUT STRATEGIES AND METHODS THEY HAVE LEARNED WITH WHICH YOU MIGHT not BE FAMILIAR.OVER TIME, AS STUDENT TEACHERS GET TO KNOW YOU, YOUR CLASSROOM, AND YOUR STUDENTS, WE ASK THAT YOU INCREASE THEIR CLASSROOM AND INSTRUCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES UNTIL THEY set upBECOME go awayNERS WITH YOU IN TEACHING YOUR STUDENTS. YOU DO non NEED TO SURRENDER YOUR CLASSROOM TO YOUR STUDENT TEACHER (NOR SHOULD YOU).WE EXPECT YOU TO WORK COLLABORATIVELY AND PRODUCTIVELY TOGETHER TO OFFER ENRICHED INSTRUCTION AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIVIDUAL ATTENTION TO YOUR STUDENTS. WHEN THE collaborationism BETWEEN COOPERATING TEACHER AND STUDENT TEACHER WORKS WELL, THE STUDENTS BENEFIT THE MOST.PLANNING FOR THE ARRIVAL OF THE STUDENT TEACHER 1. THE COOPERATING TEACHER WELCOMES THE STUDENT TEACHER THE initial DAYS OF STUDENT TEACHING ARE CRUCIAL FOR THE STUDENT TEACHER.EACHCOOPERATING TEACHER SHOULD ENSURE THAT THE STUDENT TEACHER FEELS WELCOME. INTRODUCTIONS TO TEACHERS AND STAFF MEMBERS, AS WELL AS OTHER PERSONNEL EMPLOYED IN THE SCHOOL, ARE I MPORTANT. THE STUDENT TEACHER SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE BUILDING AND GROUNDS, MATTERS OF SCHOOL ROUTINE, AND APPROPRIATE working(a) RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SCHOOL STAFF.2. THE COOPERATING TEACHER INTRODUCES THE STUDENT TEACHER INTO THE CLASSROOM A DESK OR TABLE IS ALWAYS USEFUL FOR THE STUDENT TEACHER. THE STUDENT TEACHER SHOULD BE INTRODUCED TO THE STUDENTS IN A WAY THAT ENCOURAGES THEM TO RESPOND TO THESTUDENT TEACHER AS A CLASSROOM TEACHER. Importance of NCBTS AS A PRACTICE TEACHER, KNOWING AND UNDERSTANDING THE NCBTS IS VERY IMPORTANT.THE NCBTS DEFINES WHAT IS EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND WHO IS AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER. THIS direction THAT I SHOULD USE THE NCBTS AS MY GUIDE IN MY PRACTICE TEACHING. IF I USE THIS AS A GUIDE, IT WILL HELP ME IMPROVE HOW I MAKE MY LESSON PLANS AND TEACH MY PUPILS. ALSO, THE NCBTS CAN ALSO work AS MY cornerstone IF I AM DOING THE APPROPRIATE THINGS IN MY LESSONS AND FOR MY PUPILS. I MAKE USE OF THE NCBTS BY ANALYZING FIRST ON ITS confine THEN TRYING TO APPLY IT IN REALTEACHING. FOR EXAMPLE, SHOWING COURTESY AND RESPECTING EVERYONE AT ALL TIMES. I DO THIS BY ACKNOWLEDGING THAT CTS HAVE MORE EXPERIENCES IN HANDLING diverse PUPILS AND LOOKING TO THEM AS MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE THAT THEY DESERVE HIGH idolize FOR THEIR WORK. ON THE OTHER HAND, I DO THIS TO MY PUPILS BY non embarrassing THEM IN CLASS. I RESPECT THEIR ANSWERS AND OPINIONS IN DISCUSSIONS AS NCBTS WAS A PART OF THE BENCHMARK OF PRACTICE TEACHING, I WILL ALSO USE IT AS MY BENCHMARK IN MY TEACHING FIELD. I WILL TRY MY BEST TO APPLY THE COMPETENCIES AND FOLLOW THE RULES OR TIPS STIPULATED IN IT.I WILL USE IT AS MY GUIDE IN TEACHING AND IN MANAGING THE CLASS. FOR THE PROBLEMS THAT I may ENCOUNTER, I WILL USE IT AS MY KEY ANSWER IN SOLVING MY PROBLEMS. NCBTS WILL HELP ME TO BE AN EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT TEACHER. THESE WILL HELP ME TO TEACH HOW TO LEARN, PROBLEM SOLVE, AND SYNTHESIZE THE OLD WITH THE NEW. THESE WILL SERVE AS MY GUIDE AND MY BASIS.I MAKE USE THE NCBTS AS MY modelling IN MY REMAINING PRACTICE TEACHING BY TAKING IN-DEPTH THE CONTENTS OF IT THEN PERFORM THE NECESSARY INDICATORS OF EACH DOMAIN. THE IMPORTANT CONCEPTS MUST BE IN MIND ALWAYS AND ABLE TO PORTRAY IT.FOR EXAMPLE, I display PUNCTUALITY IN ALL ASPECTS IN THE FIELD SUCH attack TO SCHOOL BEFORE THE CALL TIME AND PASSING OF REQUIREMENTS ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN A GOOD ATMOSPHERE INSIDE THE CLASSROOM DURING THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS AS WELL AS TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUPILS TO PUPILS, PUPILS TO TEACHERS AND TEACHERS TO TEACHERS BY creation A GOOD ROLE MODEL TO EVERYONE AND ACT PROFESSIONALLYAND TEACH in effect AND EFFICIENTLY TO ATTAIN THE HIGHER LEARNING OF EACH PUPILS BY victimization VARIED STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES WHICH CAN ASSESS, EVALUATE AND TEST THEIR HIGHER ORDER cerebration SKILLS.I MAKE USE OF NCBTS AS MY GUIDE FOR ME TO BE EFFECTIVE IN DELIVERING MY LESSONS MY BENCHMARK IN PLANNING, CREATING AND PUTTING INTO ACTIONS ACTIVITIES AND STRATEGIES THAT PROMO TES EQUALITY AMONG MY DIVERSE LEARNERS MY CHECKLIST OF THE THINGS I NEED TO DO FOR ME TO DEVELOP AND GROW AS A TEACHER MY DAILY REMINDER OF THE THINGS I SHOULD AND I SHOULDNT DO AS A FUTURE TEACHER. IT REMINDS ME OF MY DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES AS A PRACTICE TEACHER MY IMPROVEMENT/ DEVELOPMENT METER AS I VENTURE THE WORLD OF PRACTICE TEACHING How to Improve your Oral Communication Skills 1. BE SURE OF YOURSELF.YOU SHOULD BE CONFIDENT BEFORE YOU contract TALKING. 2.. BE CONCISE AND CLEAR. DO NOT ADD IRRELEVANT STUFF IN YOUR SPEECH. 3.. READ A LOT. IF YOU HAVE KNOWLEDGE YOU CAN TALK ABOUT ANYTHING AND EVERYTHING.4.. MAKE SOME kind NOTES FIRST. YOU SHOULD BE PREPARED ABOUT WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO TALK ABOUT. in that location MUST BE A RELATION BETWEEN YOUR MIND AND YOUR WORDS. IT WOULD NOT LOOK GOOD IF YOU STOP BETWEEN A CONVERSATION AND START TO THINK. 5. TRY TO ADD HUMOR. BUT IT SHOULD BE UP TO THE MARK. VULGAR JOKES CAN BE A GREAT TURN OFF. 6. RELAX. YOUR BODY LANGUAGE SHOULD BE RELAXED. YOU SHOULD NOT STIFFEN UP.DO NOT SPEAK IN HURRY, AS IT WILL MAKE THE LISTENER THINK THAT YOU ARE CONFUSED OR YOU HAVE CRAMPED THE SPEECH. 7. MAKE EYE CONTACT. IT IS SO IMPORTANT. BUT IF YOU ARE FACING A CROWD YOU SHOULD NOT LOOK AT ONE FOR MORE THAN 5 SECONDS. ACTIVE LISTENING THIS IS A KEY ELEMENT OF ORAL COMMUNICATION. ACTIVE LISTENING IS PROACTIVE RATHER THAN PASSIVE. IT INVOLVES LISTENING TO AND UNDERSTANDING WHAT IS BEING SAID AND WHAT IS NOT BEING SAID.IT PICKS UP ON communicatory COMMUNICATION, THE SPOKEN WORD, AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION SUCH AS BODY LANGUAGE. IT LISTENS TO THE STORY BEING TOLDAND ALSO TO THE FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS EXPRESSED IT INVOLVES READING BETWEEN THE LINES, IDENTIFYING WHAT HASNT BEEN SAID, AND ATTEMPTING TO UNDERSTAND WHY. deaf(p) PEOPLE CAN BE EXCELLENT LISTENERS EVEN THOUGH THEY may NOT BE ABLE TO HEARIN ADDITION TO oral fissure READING, THEY HAVE TO PAY PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO BODY LANGUAGE, GESTURES AND FACIAL EXPRESSIONS TO squ are up THE MEANING OF WHAT IS BEING SAID. PRESENTATIONS TAKE OPPORTUNITIES TO PARTICIPATE IN GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATIONS DURING YOUR COURSES AND EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES. THE ABILITY TO PERFORM IN PRESENTATIONS IS A SKILL super VALUED BY MANY EMPLOYERS.DISCUSSIONS DEVELOP THE CAPABILITY OF DISCUSSING IDEAS AND OPINIONS IN MEETINGS AND OTHER WORK SETTINGS. YOU CAN LEARN TO PUT FORWARD YOUR IDEAS IN A PERSUASIVE AND STRUCTURED FORMAT BY PARTICIPATING IN DEBATES AND BY JOINING COMMITTEES SUCH AS UNIVERSITY SOCIETIES. INTERVIEWS YOU WILL HAVE TO DESCRIBE YOUR EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS IN JOB INTERVIEWS.TO DEVELOP INTERVIEW SKILLS AND CONFIDENCE, YOU SHOULD PARTICIPATE IN MOCK INTERVIEWS AND anticipate GUIDANCE FROM YOUR UNIVERSITY CAREER SERVICE. ALWAYS SEEK FEEDBACK ON YOUR PERFORMANCE afterwards AN INTERVIEW EVEN IF YOU ARE OFFERED THE JOB.

Children’s Pastimes Today and Yesterday

This article will show the differences in Childrens Pastimes Today and Yesterday We will attempt to show you the difference in raising children today from yesterday. This article will show how children are watched everywhere more now as opposed to days gone by due to pedophiles and other issues. Children are not as free now as they once were. Childrens Pastimes Today and Yesterday Children today defraud video games, watch television or, if older, listen to music. Parents are afraid to allow children out of their view due to pedophiles beingness so prevalent in todays society.Children of yesterday would run international outside with their friends, ride bikes, play marbles, or just socialize with their friends. Parents werent as concerned with what the children were doing as they were not likely to be in any jeopardy. Parents thought when a child was 12-13 they could watch their siblings while todays parents choose to make use of a babysitter to watch over their children when out. Even when parents go away for a trip they manage to check on the children daily since more or less backnot cook or take care of themselves..When I raised my children, my male child was able to cook, sew, wash dishes, laundry, and maintain a house, as well as his personal chores. His sister could dust, dishes, cook, laundry,, and more whereas todays children are not able to function as they parents do not place province on them as was done in prior years. I can remember some of the stories my father used to tellone being delivering newspapers for spending money or to take a date out, and so on Children of yesteryear had a respect for their elder something todays children do not possess or show.Todays children want Childrens Pastimes Today and Yesterday everything handed to them and not to work for it as children did in the past.. In fact, todays children demand things and children of yesterday managed to think almost it and usually made arrangements to pay their parents b ack if they did not have luxuriant to cover the item in question. I am certain that more could be said but anyone that raised children in the past as opposed to now knows the rigors of the differences in raising children.

Animals’ Roles in The Wars Essay

Written by Timothy Findley in 1977, The Wars is a novel that explores the theme of young human breedingtime under the closet concerns during the war, specifically the First World War, seeing the world of soldiers turn into a world of violence, and how these soldiers maintain dark into brutes themselves. The geek of Robert Ross, a nineteen year-old Canadian officer and whose life is narrated mostly from the third- psyche point of view, is revealed as a character that has a concern for animalsthus prompting Ross to save the horses which cost him his life in the endamidst the brutal turn of events where remnant was almost plastered in the chargeing fields. The birds, brush wolf and rabbits to a fault symbolize certain events in the story. Soldiers are typically k at one timen to be highly sensitive of their purlieu when in the fields for they potful non exactly pinpoint where and when combat might turn up or from what direction the enemy might be coming from. This is mayha p one of the reasons why Ross was able to notice the chirping of the birds while he and the ease of the soldiers were out in the war. Ross was able to take notice of the fact that individually time the birds stopped singing, an attack from the enemy soon takes place.Perhaps it was chaste coincidence, although one sens strongly tie that event with the attacks that followed there by and by as birds are familiar with their environment more than the soldiers slight changes in their environment, in particular changes which have a lot to do with probable dangers cause the birds to locomote away. Taken with the context of the encounters of Ross with the birds, it can be said that those birds served as precedent signs for the young soldier. Whenever the birds stopped singing, it is almost certain that Ross is about to encounter danger along the way. The birds, being gone, had taken some mysterious presence with them (p. 81), masking how the sudden absence of these birds felt rather unusual, as if to signal something gravid is about to happen. It is unusual as well for man and beast to have a close relationship, especially when the animal is known to be a hunter and can be a threat to the security of man. exactly more than that, any relationship between man and beast can mean simple companionship to a deep friendship. As removed as Ross and the coyote are concerned, it can be said that the animal accompanied the young soldier to a certain extent in the story. One night, Robert ran with a coyote (p. 25) and when the men were out for a present the coyote also drunk at the brink (p. 27) of the water and dead sat (p. 28).An observation of these rather unusual events would tell us that the coyote acted as if it was a member of the soldiers. This is interesting as it presents a telling irony one can not easily notice soldiers in the war, as Ross himself has observed, are violent men who are more standardized beasts who wielded weapons to kill. With the presen ce of the coyote among the group, it can be said that they, too, were much equal the coyote. The soldiers, in fact, gathered like whispering conspirators around the edges of a gleaming sheet of water (p. 27), a sly trait typical to that of coyotes. temporary hookup coyotes symbolize how men in the war have turned into beasts, rabbits on the other hand serve as reminders for Ross to treat animals in popular with respect as if they were human beings. On one occasion, Ross was hesitant to kill the rabbits as ordered by his estranged grow, Mrs. Ross, shortly after the death of Rowena, Roberts older sister, since they gave him memories about his older sister and since Rowena owned those rabbits. Rabbits had to die, and Robert had to do it (p. 18), which presents one conflict in the novelthe conflict between the ascertain to destroy the animals which pin back memories and the apparent weakness of the main star to kill even animals.It can be said that if Ross decides to kill the ra bbits, it was like as if he has killed the memories of Rowena. If he decides not to kill them, it proves that he is unavailing to even wield a weapon against these small animals, which is of course not a good sign for someone who would enlist in the soldiers during the war. It also shows how Ross was more human than anybody else in the story, especially his estranged mother and the rest of the soldiers in his group. His inclination to preserve whatever memory stay from the departed tells us that Ross is not keen to destroy, or that he is not a natural destroyer of animal life which, ironically, cost him his life as he tried to save some of the Army horses after killing two of his fellow soldiers. The point where Ross tries to save the Army horses was also the time when he finally turned to madness and prompted him to kill the lives of his fellowmen. Apparently, it is a contrast which tells us that insanity can push a person to kill other people yet care for beasts.That is because Ross himself has finally effect a beast near the end of the story and, thus, he is now more than inclined to save his own kind rather than entertain and preserve the life of other men. He is no longer the equivalent man at the start of the story who was afraid to kill. This transformation can be attributed to the onslaught of the war, which seemed to have absorbed Robert right into it. As he was now unable to rise above the madness of the war, Robert Ross eventually turned quite like the rest of the army, willing to kill and die retributive so to save other lives although this time he saved the lives of horses. The animals in the story offer an interesting insight into some important events in the novel, especially in terms of how the life of the protagonist, Robert Ross, eternally hanged in the residuum of making crucial decisions. In general, the story is able to reveal how the lives of soldiers always deal with certain conflicts individually and together as a group. Findle ys novel is also able to show how young minds of young individuals black market to fold under pressing moments in their lives.ReferenceFindley, T. (1996). The Wars. Penguin Canada.

Macro Environmental Factors Essay

Lancaster (2011) defines the macro environment as those global elements everywhere which the make-up has no control over but which claim the organizations ability to serve its customers profitably. There atomic number 18 six major macro environment forces cultural, demographic, economic, natural, political, and technological. The cultural environment includes institutions and other forces that yarn-dye the rudimentary values, behaviours, and preferences of the fellowship-all of which beat an outlet on consumer commercialise place place decisions.The demographic environment includes the contract of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, sex, race, occupation, and other statistical information. The economic environment consists of all factors- such as salary levels, credit trends, and determine patterns-that touch consumer outlay habits and purchasing power. The (ecological) natural environment involves all the natural resources, such as stark n aked materials or energy sources, needed by or touched by marketers and marketing activities. The political environment includes all laws, government agencies, and lobbying groups that learn or restrict individuals or organizations in the society. The technological environment consists of those forces that motivate the technology and which can create juvenile products, new markets, and new marketing opportunities.This is a way a country is governed, and they be usually more(prenominal) than one political party in a country frankincense bring in threats and opportunities to the tradees operating in such an environment. There both possible out comes from political environment be stability and transforms in the ruling government. When a country has a multi-party system the environment is near managely to be associated with political instability as parties are battling for power. political unrest is destructive to any business activity. In most cases these unrests results in loss of as comes without compensation. The decision by the ruling party in Zimbabwe in 2000 was the land reform program which in principle was to redress the instability of land ownership between the mordant majority and white minority. The assemble was a sharp decline in agricultural output as the white commercial farmers were mostly replaced by either politician or high ranking government officials most of whom were non really choleric about farming or by peasant farmers who had neither the proficient knowledge nor resource to undertake farming at commercial level.For ideal, Delta as a result of poor agricultural season sorghum beer volumes declined with 8 percent as the supply of raw materials birth been bear on and the black majority in the farms could not cope up w this change in the season(The Sunday Mail Business ,page B7, 19 may 2013). political instability is a favourable environment for an organization to hunt down in because they leave behind be able to strateg ically plan and set objectives and they will be SMART. In Zimbabwe since the GNU the economy has stabilizes that firms such as delta could set themselves goals to achieve within a specific time frame and Delta has been burbling cash into re-tooling, re-capitalization and strategically positioning its business. Changes in government, as governments are organize by political parties. Government exert pressure on business through enactment and enforcement of legislation and formulation and implementation of government policies. For example government that might come onto power may cause threats to delta in the sense that it may beThe social cultural factors are those factors which are considered to be socially acceptable in a society. These include the attitudes of the society to foreign goods and services, the dominant religion in that area, population structure-older generation wealthiness and pressure groups etc. as a firm it has to be witting of the dominant region in the area it is operating. For instance in Zimbabwe at that place are more than 60% Christians therefore it has to sell more of muted drinks to beer thereby affecting their decisions on what quantity to uncover and their pricing strategies. It is foolish for DELTA to market its products in a market it is not aware of whats being socially acceptable in that area, taking this scenario when DELTA tried to market its products like scud lion lager in the market of Mozambique. In Mozambique people prefer beer in small containers but with high alcoholic percentages, thus their products did not make t in the Mozambique cane market. thereof a firm has to first consider the social cultural factors of the market it wants to operate in for there are the potential customers of tomorrow for their business.This is the covering of scientific knowledge to convert resources of an economy into outputs. On the technological verbal expression will be looking at the entrance of better and utile +ways in t erms of machinery and products etc. engine room is vital for agonistical advantage, and is also a major driver of globalization. This involves the creation of new markets and opportunities were a firm can easily adopt a new contemporary way of doing operation and this enables it to compete globally. The uses of better advanced technology have a greater impact on the processes and performance of a firm. Technology is vital for competitive advantage, and is a major driver of globalization. The Delta Beverages has moved into modern packaging like the light 300mml bottle which uses fewer materials in production.The bottle was 25% heavier than the new one. The new plant for the bottle reduces rejects and output was heighten to 42000 per hour Lets take for instance Delta it needs to conquer from being labour intensive to capital intensive in guild to produce more quality efficiently and effectively as new advanced machinery will be introduced in the market. It manner that if ther e were twenty employees who were mixing the contents and filling containers of coke they are automatically passage to be eliminated. Therefore their way of doing trading operations need to be organise .As a result of using modern communication Medias like television conferencing and Skype managers can now make decisions whilst on holiday and it also enables central of vital information among workers at different geographical location easily.Organisations are also affected by the ecological 3factors these are environmental factors that affect the businesses. It involves factors that occur naturally like drought, tsunami, floods etc. These factors have a greater impact on the operations of a business. For example if Zimbabwe is being affected by drought this means that the agricultural sector will have little to produce and for Delta which rely on sorghum as raw materials to manufacture beer , it will have to export those resources from other countries .Therefore this will affect the decisions ,strategies ,processes and their performance . A worker who will be involved in production will absent themselves from working search of food to validate their families. Floods have also a negative impact on the operations of businesses as they result in deaths, destruction of infrastructure or the set forth of the organisations leading to closure of some business and deaths of personnel.And the legal factors can be classified as polices, laws, rules and regulations adopted by the Government ruling at that time. These factors may have a greater impact on the decisions and strategies to be adopted by a firm. The Government they may adopt pricing policies. For instance the Government may put a price cap say a king-size bottle of soft drinks should not go above $0,50c so as DELTA it has to abide to the laws of the Government for it to continue operate in the market of Zimbabwe. The pricing policies impose on the farm produce also had an impact on the performance of DEL TA as a firm. tell apart sorghum is said that its price should not precede $2 per kilogram, these means that the farmers will not be willing to sell their produce to the market thus leading DELTA to import in order to operate at their expected production line and experience an increase in their apostrophize of production. So we can safely say some of the policies adopted by the Government may lead to an increase in prices or decrease in production causing shortages in the market.However there are some of the legal factors imposed by the Government to the economy which affect the performance, decisions, strategies and processes of DELTA as a firm. For example the MURAMBATSVINA policy which resulted to an increase in unemployment importation to say that it also lead to an decrease in the level of spending of people. So DELTA as a firm sell more like luxuries goods so people are likely to reduce their consumption of such like products, thus may result in the reduction of prices of the products in order to lure the customers to buy and maintain their market share. Be that it may, not all the policies, rules and regulations set by the Government and laws will have an effect on the operations of DELTA.

Comptetitive Advantage of Fiat

Also, Fiat has a authorisation (almost 60% of the sh bes) over he legendary Ferreira which is a huge competitive advantage itself. Innovativeness Fiat is a very groundbreaking brand, they can adapt to industry changes very easy. For example, their Alfa Romeo baseball mitt is a prototype of the brands future sport style based on an optimized power-to-weight ratio. Also, Fiat ICC with electrically controlled soft top is a very innovative railroad car. Their innovative products enable Fiat to gain competitive advantage among its competitors and serving Fiat to differentiate its products.Distribution Network Fiat has a very well organized distribution network spread around the whole world. conservationist Fiat is the pioneer carmaker that has responded most effectively to the need to localize impact that transport has on the environment. Fiat is the leader brand for the output signal of compact cars, the most environment-friendly cars, like categoric 500. RD sharpen of apartme nt managed to reduce emission too minimum percentage. All of those advantages are sustainable and well working.But Flat needs to continue to Improve its character. Flat cars were not considered as the best cars In the world. But since the early sasss, Flat Improved Its quality dramatically. Yet, Flat needs to continue to Improve Its quality If they want to be considered as a high quality car producer. If they can Increase their quality, their value would Increase as well. Since they have control over legendary Ferreira and Mistreat, the luxury sports cars, Flat has the necessary assets to reach that prestigious status.

Benefits to having a CFO as CEO Essay

Part IIn at onces complex bloodline environment, much than and more companies are twist to Chief Finance Officers (chief fiscal officer) to assume the premier position of Chief executive director Officer (chief operating officer) of the company. all the same, the qualities necessary of a chief executive officer are non unendingly in line with the training and experiences of a former chief fiscal officer. Yet the chief financial officer can bring legion(predicate) qualities to the CEO position to help a company succeed. What are the benefits to having a chief financial officer as CEO, and what are the required qualities of a CEO that may hamper the CFOs triumph in this position?As the leader of a corporation, the CEO essentialiness be a well rounded leader. The CEOs paint responsibility is making critical strategic decisions and creating conditions for those to be well-executed He must have the people acquisitions to motivate and build consensus both among the employe es, shareholders, and board members. He must be able to develop a strategy and swiftly and effectively implement it.A CEO must think at a higher aim of abstr forgeion more inductively and less deductively. A CEO must be more willing and able to act on key decisions with fewer facts, relying more on grounded assumptions. And a CEO must be able to communicate effectively to a broader constituency in jumpicular, he must be far more politic eithery attuned. prank Dasburg, CEO of Burger King and former CFO of Marriott International IncGenerally the CEO is more concerned with the Big Picture of the company, and can not afford to engross themselves in the details of any specific area. They are the motivators and leaders. Often the CEO can be successful simply by selling his muckle and strategic plan, turn letting others such as the CFO shape out the details. In contrast, people expect the CFO to be exact and analytical, even critical in their examination of the strategic plan, by examining it for pecuniary flaws.Probably the hugegest barrier preventing CFOs from succeeding as CEOs is that of management skills. The CFO is an dexterous in the financial underpinnings of the company, but often prison terms is not required to divulge skill in people or project management. CEOs often happen decisions based on the analytics, as well as intangibles learned from these skills intuition, private knowledge of those involved, and consumer opinion for example. In addition, the CEO is often required to engage decisions with limited time to examine the details,something the CFO is trained to specifically not do.The CFO is trained collect and analyze all the data in the lead coming to a decision. They look at different factors, from NPV to the timing of funds flow and returns then calculate the risk of the investment. The CEO will often look at the same data, yet will not leap the hard numbers the same turn overt as the CFO. Instead, those intangibles may weigh heavily in the making of the decision. The CEO is often willing to take up take more risk than the CFO. The transition to being able to figure out the hard decision without all the data may be a difficult one for the analytically oriented CFO to make.Another practicable area the CFO will have little experience in is selling. Sales and marketing will always be an important part of business. Many CFOs are hired to cut embodys to increase the dexterity of a company. Marketing is generally a favorite target of the cost cutters. In a sluggish market, this may be effective, but in a fruit market such as seen in new-fashioned years, focusing more on marketing can led a company to success. CFOs rarely have experience or understanding of marketing and sales, and their relationship to the market. This lack of dedicated experience can harm a company when it needs to grow to succeed.However, the recent economic down-turn, to include the authorise of the dot-coms and telecommunication s companies, the numerous high-profile scandals that have racked prominent companies and the global maturation that continues in all business has led to financial expertise being a top priority for a new CEO. The CFO can bring many skill sets to the CEO position to mitigate the complexity and public, and government, oversight ordinary in todays business environment.By definition, CFOs are more focused on the finances than a CEO normally is. However a financial background can greatly help a CEO to understand the status of the company, and can lead to enhanced success, while at the same time staying out of the scandals.The responsibility for regulatory form is the domain of the CFO. They are trained in the details required to fall out the company within the legal bounds. As stated by Deborah Thomas, manoeuver of treasury at Michael Page InternationalThe CFO has had to pick up responsibility for responding to regulatory changes. And with regulation, compliance and corporate risk at the point of everyones minds, the CFO makes the perfect choice for CEOBy the time a person is promoted to CFO, they possess an innate understanding of the regulations, legal requirements, and a comprehensive knowledge of the financial status of the company. These are all skills that a CEO needs to possess to be successful. As a CEO, the CFO may be capable of managing the regulatory complexities, while still decision opportunities for growth.Todays CFO is better-rounded than those in the past. Partly due to the recent scandals, the CFO works closely with the CEO in developing and execution of instrument strategy. It is often the CFO who is now the face of the company, managing the daily relationships with the shareholders. Todays CFO is invested in the daily operations of the company, and will now exercise to the CEO seat with a full understanding of operations and strategy.With business becoming increasingly complex, due to increase public oversight, regulation, and global gro wth it is imperative that a CEO have a strong financial background.Having the financial background can lead a company to increased success. Rather than trusting those intangibles, the CFO may make decisions based more higher probabilities of success. He may avoid the big risks, and subsequent big payoffs, but will often show a steady growth and return. In fact, according to a study by Duke University, companies that are take by optimistic, dynamic CEOs often tally a higher level of short-term debt and attempt to time the debt market, a sign of taking risks. Whereas companies run by former CFOs tend to have higher debt to equity ratios, an peculiarity of stability.It is this ability to negotiate the risks that places the CFO as a highly enviable CEO candidate. The CFO is able to assess the risks and their impact on financial performance. The CFO seems to perform well overall as a CEO. So well that the trend is growing, according to CFO Magazine in 2005, 20 share of Fortune 100 CE Os were once CFOs, up from 12 percent in 1995. The key to success for the CFO seeking to become a CEO is to round out their experiences. They will possess they technical expertise to perform the job, they just need to be able to supplement that skill with the management and visionary skills requisite for a good CEO.References1. Durfee, Don. SAY YES TO DR NO New research suggests that CFOs are an essential counterweight to optimistic CEOs.CFO Asia, 7 Sep 2006http//www.cfoasia.com/archives/200609-07.htm2. Favaro, Paul. Making the Leap from CFO to CEO. financial Executives Online. November 2001http//www.favaro.net/publications/cfo-to-ceo/CFOtoCEO.htm3. Durfee, Don. The Top Spot Why more companies are tapping their finance chiefs for CEO.CFO Magazine. 1 October 2005http//www.cfo.com/article.cfm/44444684. Corporate Finance. CFO to CEO1 April 2005http//www.cristassociates.com/press/CorpFin_CFOtoCEO_040105.pdf

Shall We Tell the President?

In February 24 he heard shocking news. Some people were planning to kill the chairperson and he understood that a senator is similarly complicated in this. When they knew that he heard everything, they tried to kill him. But fortunately he escaped. later the meeting specify Andrews talked Dry. Dexter and fixed a date with her. Barry called chip off and informed every thing. Nick States entrusted pose to the hospital. On the way to the national Barry and Nick met In an accident and died _ evidence 3 Thursday even remark called Dry. Dexter and postponed the meeting. When he arrived in the hospital Angelo and Benjamin Reynolds who be near Angelo had died.Mark tried to inform the news to Nick but he didnt get. So he informed all incidents to the FBI director H. A. L Tyson and by means of car radio he knew that Nick and Barry were died. 4 Friday 6. 27 am Mark meets Tyson and informed to keep it secret at the mean measure Tyson had appointed two persons to look Mark. Mark star ts his investigation about which senator involved in this case. At the Library of Congress he checked the congressional record to find out who were all in Washington on February 24. He got a contention of 62 senators then he effigy checked and shortened it Into 38. Friday Afternoon 12. Pm A meeting of conspirators takes place. nonpareil man Is Tony, he was an excellent driver another is genus Xanthium, a Vietnamese and an excellent rifle shooter, he hated Americans. The third man is Ralph Matson he is an old FBI agent and the Peter Nicholson, a millionaire. The last man is called chairman. Ralph Matson was the orca of Angelo Ceasefires he disguised like a Greek priest and killed him. Tony and Xanthium were the killers of Barry and Nick . They discussed about the planning to kill the president. Arc 4 1-relay lawyer 4 pm Mark called Nils classmate Ana Knew auto ten mafias. When musical score speaks with Dry.Dexter he got the news that Angelo was a Greek then he contacted a Greek orthodox priest and understood the killer who he run through and through in the hospital. 5 March Saturday Morning Mark meets Tyson. In their Mathew Roger the Cast. manager of FBI gave information about the man who made the arrangements for the luncheon party. Marks visits Arians Ceasefires and learns that a priest came and gave fifty horse bill to her. Mark traces the 50 dollar bill to hunch forward the finger prints. Mark contacted the secretaries of the 62 senators in his list not revealing the secret. He could cut down the number of senators who had cliquish luncheon on February 24.Sunday Morning 6 March 9 am Mark calls a person in New York Times to know more about mafias and their attitude towards Gun Control Bill and also about senators who had close connections in organized crimes. Monday Morning 7 March 7 am Tyson informed mark that a walk-talky of the FBI had missed and through that the information are going out side. For to know which senator where in the capitol on 3 March, mark looks the records and make a list of seven senators Pearson, Noun, Brooks, Byrd, Dexter, Harrison, Thornton. 8 March Tuesday Morning 1 am Tyson scolded Mark when he got the invoice from the woo men who are appointed to observe mark.They reported that Mark is in love with a senator daughter. Tyson scolded him because his lovers father Dexter is under suspicion. Mark goes to the senate house to see the Gun control bill debate, in which on that point he reduced his list to 5, because he understood that Noun and Pearson were not in the senate on 3 March. 9 March Wednesday Tyson tells mark that Dexter may be the conspirator because the porters had seen in him on February 24 in Georgetown with his daughter. Mark shocked, he meets Elizabeth. Tycoons men informed it and he scolded Mark.

Mediated Modes of Communication and Its Impact to Society

As we bask into the Information Age, adult male communicating is ongoing and transforming to become to a greater extent interactive and findible. As we on the whole know, communication is dynamic, ongoing, ever- changing, and continuous. Simple communication entails the nub beingness sent and the recipient role perceives and accepts the inwardness. chew out models find their origins in Greek antiquity. Aristotle recognized the speaker, speech, and audience as communication components.Five hundred years before Christ, the Greek philosopher Heraclitus, ascertained that a man (or woman) goat never step into the river twice. The man (or woman) is several(predicate) and so is the river (Gortner et al. 1997, p. 36). Change and continuity ar intertwinedas men or women step into the riverin a process of actions which flow through the ages. confabulation is a process and flows like a stream through time.It is evident that engine room has brought about gargantuan impacts to the past modes of communication, be it formal and informal. In an era of faxes, ready reckoners, and photocopying machines, communication challenges will emerge that atomic number 18 level more than complex, demanding, and technical. Moreover, cell phones, e-mail, and holler answering machines contribute to the narrowing of the gulf amid formal and informal communication distinctions.Anthropologists already discombobulate researched on the descent of conventional forms of verbal interaction and those mediated by new technologies a lot(prenominal)(prenominal) as the net seduce, satellite transmissions, and cell phones. crystallisation (2001) had revealed that the profit constituted a new frontier in human social interaction on par with the inventions of the telephone and telegraph, and even print and broadcast technologies.Scholars of diction use, linguistic process change, and ideologies of language must surely explore and interrogate the effects of these technologies on t raditional modes of communication, the impact of our new capacity to communicate instantly any tell in the world, and the meaning of language contact as it is taking place in cyberspace. Most of these technologies, nonwithstanding constant new advances in computer-mediated graphics, atomic number 18 text or voice base. Thus, if the Internet is a revolution, in that locationfore, it is likely to be a linguistic revolution ( crystal 2001, p. viii).Many observers allege that the Internet is changing golf-club. Perhaps non surprisingly, given the novelty of the new digital media, there is little agreement about what those changes are. It is believed that it is important for sociologists to address these issues for three reasons. First, the middlings rapid growth offers a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for scholars to test theories of engine room diffusion and media effects during the early stages of a new mediums diffusion and institutionalization.Second, the Internet is unique because it integrates both different modalities of communication (reciprocal interaction, broadcasting, individual reference-searching, group discussion, individual/machine interaction) and different kinds of content (text, video, visual images, audio) in a iodin medium. This versatility renders plausible claims that the applied science w ill be implicated in many kinds of social change, perhaps more deeply than television or radio. Finally, choices are being madesystems developed, money invested, laws passed, regulations promulgatedthat will spirt the systems technical and normative structure for decades to come. Many of these choices are based on behavioral assumptions about how community and the Internet interact (Dimaggio, Hargittai, Neuman & Robinson, 2001, p. 307).As these scientific innovations are revolutionizing information and entertainment delivery, these technology-mediated modes of communication have abnormal the shift of large numbers social lives and behavior s, even political institutions and the role of citizens indoors them.As quite a little argue that the new technology of short pass on system (SMS), email, online discussions, on-demand information, and web-powered information diffusion and interest aggregation will b lose market to a more informed, engaged, and influential mass public. With this, will we live in a better informed and connected, more engaged and participatory partyor in a golf-club of lonely ex-couch potatoes glued to computer screens, whose human contacts are largely impersonal and whose political beliefs are intimately manipulated, relying on the icons of a wired or wireless society? fact is that, Erbring and Lutz (2005) have indicated that when people spend more time using the Internet, the more they lose contact with their social environment.They cited a study that this effect is perceptible even with people using but 2-5 Internet hours per week and it rises good for those spending more than 10 hours p er week, of whom up to 15 percent bill a decrease in social activities. Even more intimacy is the fact that Internet users spend much less time talk on the phone to friends and family the percentage reporting a decrease exceeds 25 percentalthough it is unclear to what extent this represents a shift to email even in communicating with friends and family or a technical bottleneck cod to a single phone line being pre-empted by Internet use.Because of the accessibility of the new modes of communication, people have used these as tools to debar confrontation that is emphasized in face-to-face communication. In fact, in UAE and in Malaysia, cell phones have been used to end marriages by SMS-ing Talaq, Talaq, Talaq (Divorce, Divorce, Divorce). exactly then, this is not the first time technology has been used in formally callinating a relationship. Earlier, it was telephonic, postal and telegram fall aparts now there are divorce via e-mail and SMS.Technology has changed the elbow r oom people are courting, getting wed and yes, also the way they are separating. If people are meeting and date on the Internet, why not divorces? says Anuradha Pratap, principal of Al-Ameen Management College in Bangalore, India. If weddings drive out take place using technology, why not divorce? asked Ayesha Banu, a Bangalore resident. There were telephone weddings nearly two decades ago. Its only the technology that has changed, everything else has remained the uniform (Kiran, 2 June 2003).On the another(prenominal) hand, Halliday (1990) noted that when new demands are made on language and when we are making language work for us in ways it never had to do before, it will have to become a different language in order to postulate (p. 82). It is arguable that technology-based media present new demands which have the potential of promoting variations in language use Perhaps, the demands are not novel in itself, but it is quite a the blurring, the amalgamation, of previous dema nds which whitethorn result in linguistic variations.Take, for instance, computer communication systems which have placed demands, often associated with spoken language, on the production of create verbally language. This reassignment is most observable in synchronous computer-mediated communication such as MOOs (MUD Object Oriented), MUDs (Multi-User Domain), and Chat. While the language takes on a pen form, it is bound by temporal limitations which require immediate responses.Conversely, this type of synchronous communication, which chiffonier be considered an essentially oral language (Collot & Belmore, 1996), is also constrained by norms including spelling and grammar norms most often associated with written language. For example in SMS, people usually shorten their message to hasten the process. Like sending the message Are you going to the party tonight? would be shortened to R U GOING 2 THE PARTY TONYT? Indeed, grammar and spelling would be earnestly affected, just to facilitate the convenience of a faster communication process.However, from a perspective of language change multimodal forms of communication, such as emails, text messages and chat rooms, are essentially new forms of communication. As used here the term multimodal refers to the way that texts use devices from a range of different communication systems at the same time. So, for example, you can send an email message to six of your friends simultaneously previously you could only do this through speaking to them as a group. In other words writing takes on a trait which once belonged to speech only (Beard, 2004, p. 44).Emails are usually message exchanges surrounded by a pair of named individuals communicating on a single issue, chat-groups usually involve several people they can be anonymous or use a pseudonym their communication can be of an one(prenominal) length and they can cover a wide range of topics. Crystal (2001) uses the term asynchronous to describe groups where postin gs are placed on boards and synchronous to describe groups who chat in real time. The terms email and text message both suggest a written form, but the terms chat-room/ chat-group suggest a form of talk a form of talk chat that is traditionally seen as social kind of than serious in its content.Although the terminology that labels new communication genres draws upon the traditional binary program opposites of speaking/writing (mail/ chat), it is not very helpful to see such texts as products of these opposites. Instead separately of the genres has its own unique methods of communication, and then each of the texts produced within the genre has its own specific context. So, for example, the idea of turn-taking, which is crucial to many kinds of vocalized talk, is achieved in very different ways in chat-groups.The acts of reading, thinking, replying and sending the reply, which is not necessarily received instantly, is being undertaken by each of the participants at the same time . This inevitably leads to a dislocation of the exchange in a way that does not happen with emails and text messages. Yet, participants within the process are easy able to manage this complicated exercise in pragmatics.Another expression of pragmatics involves the fact that whereas in face-to-face group conversation your presence is stable registered, even if you are silent, this is more problematic in chat-groups. As Crystal (2001) notes in chatgroups silence is ambiguous it whitethorn reflect a knock over withholding, a temporary inattention, or a physical absence (without sign language off).Indeed, technology is crucial in the development of the information highway that would link every home to a fiber-optic network over which voice, data, television, and other services would be transmitted. The internets architecture is determined by an informal group of U.S.-based software and computer engineers. The internets world(prenominal) scope and electronic commerces growth make i ts management an international policy issue. Analysts and government believe a hands-off forward motion is best (Cukier 1998, p. 39-41).People and organizations determine the course of the future, not computers. As a form of communication, the internet can be used by individuals, mystical corporations, and government agencies for good or bad, but it cannot influence the direction our society chooses to take. The internet only reflects the society that created it. The development and use of the telegraph and telephone provide a definitive pattern for how the newest form of networked communication, the internet, will be used in the future (Nye, Fall 1997).The lack of accountability and civility have increased as the anonymity in U.S. society has increased, states composition columnist Ellen Goodman. She cites the anonymous zones of talk radio and cyberspace among the fox holes for people who want to say anything and everything with impunity (Goodman, 5 September 1996).Despite the downside of the information highway, internet access has made communication between local government and citizens much easier nationwide. Public records access, personnel postings, permit applications, and legislative updates are available online in dozens of cities and counties (Bowser January 1998, p. 36).The technology of the internet may afford the masses access to much more information and many more options. So, internet technology is neither evil nor good. Thanks to the internet and satellite TV, the world is being wired together technologically, but not socially, politically, or culturally, concluded modernistic York Times columnist doubting Thomas L. Friedman (12 May 2001). We are now perceive and hearing one another faster and better, but with no same improvement in our ability to learn from, or understand, one another. So integration, at this stage, is producing more anger than anything else.The new modes of communication educate people faster than any previous technolo gy the world has known. However, the internet can just as easily infiltrate the minds of millions with lies, half-truths, and hatreds. Friedman (12 May 2001) deemed that the internet, at its ugliest, is just an open sewer an electronic conduit for untreated, unfiltered information. The internet and satellite TV may inflame emotions and cultural biases, resulting in less understanding and tolerance. Government programs are built on political consensus. Legislation is enacted for the long term. Compromises are based on education, exchanges, diplomacy, and human interaction.However, due to the lack of face-to-face context and the lack of interactional coherence in e-mail and SMS, people need to be more explicit and concise in order to make their message as well as the purpose transparent to their audience, especially in initiated, not responsive, messages. If the message is not explicit enough, the receiver may not be able to provide an optimal response, or the message may turn into a lengthy sequenced exchange before a desire response is obtained.Thus, language use and structure are greatly affected but the intention remains the same. With the fear of the deterioration of language through these new technologies, it is only right that people should still be ameliorate appropriately with regards to the correct structure and use language, so that they will not be confused when they utilize the normal modes of communication. Technology should enhance how society behaves and interact and not the other way around.Works CitedBeard, Adrian. Language Change. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge, 2004.Bowser, Brandi. Opening the Window to Online Democracy www.localgovernment. com, American City & County 113.1 (January 1998) 3638.Collot, M. and N. Belmore . electronic Language A New Variety of English. In S. C. Herring (Ed.), Computer-Mediated Communication Linguistic, Social and Cross-Cultural Perspectives (pp. 13-28). Amsterdam John Benjamins, 1996.Crystal, David. L anguage and the Internet. Cambridge Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001.Cukier, Kenneth. Who Runs the Internet? land Press Review, 45.5 (May 1998) 3941.Dimaggio, Paul, Eszter Hargittai, W. Russell Neuman, and John P. Robinson. Social Implications of the Internet. Annual Review of Sociology (2001) 307.Friedman, Thomas L. Global Village Idiocy, The New York Times, (May 12, 2002).Goodman, Ellen. Anonymity Breeds Incivility, Boston Globe, (September 5, 1996)17A.Gortner, Harold F., Julianne Mahler, and Jeanne Bell Nicholson, boldness Theory A Public Perspective, 2nd ed. (Fort Worth, Tex. Harcourt Brace, 1997), pp. 135141.Halliday, M. A. K. Spoken and scripted Language. Oxford, UK Oxford University Press, 1990.Kiran, Jyothi. SMS Divorces, Womens Feature Service. (June 2, 2003).Nie, Norman H. and Erbring, Lutz. Internet Use Decreases Social Interaction. The Internet. Ed. pack D. Torr. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 2005.Nye, David E. Shaping Communication Networks Telegraph, Telephone, Computer, S ocial Research, 64.3 (Fall 1997) 10671092.

The Gulliver’s Travels

Gullivers Travels by Jonathan activeThe Gullivers Travels is a satire d adept by Jonathan Swift, who is among the slap-up authors in the fields of drama, prose and poetry. This was a collection of tales written during the Augustan Age, which can be referred to as the neo classical age, the age of Queen Anne, the age of pope or simply the 18th Century, in England. Satire was developed in Rome by Juvenal, Persius and Horace.The elements of satire as a style makes it the crush of Jonathan Swifts writing skill employed in the Gullivers Travel to dish up him bring home the bacon his goal not to earn a living from writing as most of his articles were published anonymously, save to attack thin learning, to set up his consultation how a Christian should live and attacks mans ability to reason.The tales in this book denominate Swifts view of man as a weak and selfish role, one not in a position to make the right decisions when face up with challenges. Swift believes that man can fin d neither peace nor prosperity via his natural goodness and reason, but strongly believes that morality, by path of the church would encumber man from destroying himself.He is considered a misanth dress circle and satirist at the self alike(prenominal) term as he narrates the political, religious, educational and economical cheers of the with child(p) Britain and its relation channelize to Ireland with the four books that argon classified according to the voyages he made as Lemuel Gulliver, the narrator. The element of setting and era is represented by the voyages by sea, either in fictional places, as shown by his rebuke to Lillipu, Brobdingnag, Laputa and the land of the Houyhnhmns or real countries like Japan and England made by Lemuel Gulliver.Gulliver is introduced as an Englishman, whose background is in medicine, navigation and mathematics. He comes turn up as a character who loves to give way and learn about people and his character is honest, nave and uses his common sense in order to get through in variant life threatening situations, like the case when he ultimately regains his consciousness after sleeping for long hours and finds himself tied up by the Lilliputians.Realism is used to explain how Gulliver finally finds himself in Lilliput, the land of the smaller people, almost six inches tall. This was as a result of the wreckage of his ship, Antelope, in which he served as a surgeon. Traveller narrative was the form through which Swift expressed his criticism and satire since his audience enjoyed reading about explorations and discoveries of red-hot lands. Through Lilliput, Swift uses Gulliver to gain the confidence of his contributors as they associate with Gullivers honesty, naivety and peace loving nature.It is at this point where Gulliver uses common sense to survive instead of world violent. He gains the queen regnants trust and is the granted his freedom and engages on the political structure and situation in Lilliput. T he people here be prone to jealousy and conspiracy, with a division which they refer to as the Big-endians and Small-endians. These help illustrate the political and religious disputes in England.The Lilliputian Empire is a satire of King George the 1st the king with his nationality as a German, who through marriage succeeded Queen Annes throne. The empire, like King George, uses the blue, red and green ribbons during the rope dance to buy political support. This was the corresponding case as that in England where the Garter, Bath and Thistle were used. Gulliver thought that the rope dance was not as trenchant as religious qualifications or reason to entrust a psyche in any leadership position.Gulliver proceeds to show that Flimnap the Lilliputian treasurer was the best rope dancer. This is his worst enemy both politically and at personal levels. It is evident that he compares him with Robert Walpole, the 1st England prime minister who had command for more than 20 years. Here , Gulliver and Flimnap represent the Tori and Whig parties respectively.The Tori party is shown as the party that believed in the power of the King and the church and usually honest and transparent in their discussions for they were for the good of everyone. The Whigs on the early(a) hand were for the argument that on that point was motivation for a parliament to check on the powers of the King.The Emperor ensured that Lilliput was safe from the Blufascu, the Big-endians.The disparity between the small-endians and the bigiendians has a fib that relates rise with that of Englands religious dispute. King henry VII, the father to Queen Elizerbeth is presented as a satire to show how he broke the Catholic hold of England when he created the Church of England. Gulliver does not fill any reason for the disputes and refuses to be used as a instrument of war against Blufascu, but agrees to help them stop the war and is given the superlative tittle in Lilliput as the Nardac.This wa s the same case during the treaty of Utrecht, that though stoped the war, it was perplexityable. An illustration similar to this is when Gulliver urinates on the palace to just it from burning and in time it was against the rules of Lilliput to make water around the palace, yet he had saved the empirors life, the empress among alongside some officials including Flimnap were angry with his behavior and wanted him executed as a punishment.The reader would agree with Gulliver for using any means available to save the emperors life despite the method used and that it doesnt matter which side of the testis should be broken before eating it. It is similarly possible that the reader would agree with Gullivers view of not being used as a weapon of mass destruction during war and that any nation prospering to entertain much(prenominal) a weapon should use it for encouraging peace. The same could be argued for the case of the both the Catholic and Protestants on basis of religion as they represent Big and Small Endians respectively.Gulliver agrees to pay a tour to Blufascu when her citizens come to negotiate for peace. When Gulliver heard about the Lilliputians plot to blind him and crave him to death instead of killing him at once, he ran a route to Blufascu. This is a frown upon Bolingbroke and Oxfords impeachment when it was agreed they be accused of misdemeanors as opposed to treason. For the business concern of trial, they run for refuge in France. It is evident that Gulliver was large and with a great potential here to choose violence, instead chose peace.He past finds his way into an English ship headed back to England from Japan along the South seas and to show realism indicates the date as 13th April 1702, then organizes yet other adventure to India on 16th June 1703, where following strong winds and twenty years of lost direction discover land, Brabdingnag. Brabdingnag, the land of the giants is used to show how repelling people are, especia lly how the human body smells and mans ignorance.This was Swifts chance to express his feelings that there would be some(prenominal) larger forces that could potentially put an end to the humanness stage of English dominance. The Brabdingnagians are represented here as unruffled and whose simple rules are establish on reason. He uses the King to question the English leadership and takes the chance of the Kings inquisitive nature to explain the politics, affectionate and economic status of England.The questions included how the dreads were educated, their nature, whether greedy or corrupt, the basis of bishops promotions and if this was based on religion or goodness and knowledge, whether the house of commons members spent much money to be elected, whether justice was time and money intensive for the citizens to have, and lastly, he was also inte stoped to know whether lawyers valued money and pleaded for wrong causes.As Gulliver explained some of the questions, the king wondere d how a small mans society, the size of Gulliver would think of gaseous state powder to produce such an instrument that would destroy so many a(prenominal) lives. Those ruling the English society are expressed as brutal, frailness and idle through Gullivers stay at Brabdingnag. Gulliver is not happy when the King laughs about England based on the fact that he never imagined that such small people had tittles, distinctions and that they built nests and holes that they called houses and cities.The queen also criticized Gulliver for cowardice when he was uncomfortable with the flies that he describes as disgusting, with a terrible smell. though they were loving and kind to him, he was not comfortable living a humiliating life and dis care the greedy nature of the farmer who focuses on profit from showing Gulliver to audience at the expense of his health then sells him when sick to the queen.Some of the Brabdingnagians were caring like Glundalclitch, his nurse who had nicknamed him Grildrig. She was not as ignorant, but at some times, she had left Gulliver unguarded at the palace and a guards dog had picked and delivered him to its master. Had the dog not been t falled, it would have caused him his life.Gludalclitchs friend was ignorant when given the responsibility to take Gulliver to the sea, a mistake that had given the eagles a chance to grab Gullivers travelling box and latter dropped into the sea, rescued by the ship crew and a caring master who offers him food and rest in his cabin as opposed to the rest of the crew that had so many questions for him. Gulliver makes yet another voyage that lands him to Laputa, the floating island, after his ship is attacked by pirates. In Laputa, pursuit of knowledge in music, science and doctrine is held at high esteem while people neglect their affectionate affairs and common sense.The obsessed Laputian men neglect their wives to their obsession for astronomy that the sun might burn out and hence their wives become cheating(a) with men from Balnibarbi, an earth-bound city, that have no such preoccupations. He observes that even with their knowledge, they have unfitting clothes, build houses that lack accurate right angles, and the experiments that are carried out by the Projectors at Lugado are almost impossible to achieve and a waste of their knowledge and resources.This projects include the recovery of sun beams from cucumbers, converting human excreta to the food from which it was digested, manufacture of silk from cobwebs, rooftop put throughwards construction of houses and writing books without exerting ones brains on various subjects. He challenges the academic intellectuals and planners who engage in the pursuit of theories that are much useless in England, a mockery of the loyal societys absurd inventions at that time.The Laputa king uses the floating island as a weapon to threaten and restrain the cities bellow so that they can provide food and the necessities of life on the floati ng island. Failure to this, the island would be used to cut off rain and sunshine on such cities or even crush it by landing the floating island on those cities or using bombs. The city of Lindalino successfully revolts and the attempts to lower the floating island on it had been unsuccessful.This is an allegory of the revolt that Ireland makes against Englands adopted world-wide and foreign violent politics. Gulliver feels neglected by the people at Laputa for they value the knowledge of both music and mathematics, which he does not have. The King allowed him to travel to Balnibarbi where he meets Lord Munodi at Lagado. Among the houses in Lagado, only Munodis was beautiful and well kept.This was as a result of a travel to Laputa made by the people of Lagado that motivated them to open an academy and develop new theories in Agriculture and Mathematics that ruined their lands productivity except that of Munodi who had refused and only followed the theories passed down from his ance stors. Gulliver is disappointed that resources are being used to fund unhealthy and kafkaesque projects while the citizens are suffering in both poverty and hunger and decides to go back to England through Japan.The academy of Lagado is used to eplain how the over-embellished club of Dublin misused funds allocated due to the hunger for inventions in England. This was the time of great Physicians, Mathematicians and Astronauts including Newton, who concentrated on inventions only to forget about their cordial life. The projects in the Royal Society of Dublin were used as means to acquire wealth and the arm-chair technicians among other hosts of mad inventions that resulted into financial crisis among which was the South Sea Bubble.The desire of humans to reverse both the past and historical figures is criticized for he reminds his audience that they were normal people. Immortality is also mocked since the people who possess this thought noble gift are presented as selfish, petty and eternally sad. Gulliver never liked the life in this part of the world and decided to return to England through the island of Luggnagg.There is no ship ready at Balnibarbi to take him to Luggnagg and together with two friends from Maldonada port city he tours Glubbdubdrb Island, the land of magicians, headed by a governor with the power to summon the spirit of the dead for a twenty four hour service at his palace. Gulliver befriends the governor and is allowed to call any person from the dead and ask them questions only if he agreed to rebound his questions to the period when they were still alive.He summons notable heroes starting with horse parsley the smashing, the conqueror of both the Greece and Percia, followed by Hannibal who concurred Romans by crossing into northern Italy from North Africa through Alps, Julius Caesar who, first base Roman Emperor alongside his rivalry Pompey the Great and Marcus Junius Brutus who was responsible for Caesars assassination to help p revent the development of a contractable monarchy in the Roman Republic.Satire in Glubdubdrib is used to show that history actually lies and that those who kill tyrants as they seek freedom should be appreciated. He really encourages the terrible suggestion that one would do the right subject by assassinating King George 1. This is evident where Julius actually confesses that there was nothing braver or even better that he did than what Brutus did by assassinating him for the sake of the Roman Republic..Gulliver also shows the need to learn from smart people in the society, but being cautious not to be misled by the stupid people who frame commentary. People who like Eustathius and Didymus become famous for commenting on Homers literature deeds. The same case applied to John Duns who is famous for commenting on the literature works of Aristotle. Both Homer and Aristotle are not aware of people who became famous as a result of commenting on their works.Through this, Gulliver advo cates for people decent famous by their original contributions in literature and ethical models, as opposed to their endless talks about those developed by other people. He supports applied learning just as he opposes the Royal Academy of projectors and strongly encourages useful learning in England, which practical philosophy and applied science are examples.He then goes back to England and becomes captain of his own ship from which he is marooned on Houyhnhnm Island, land of the Houyhnhnms and the Yahoos.The first encounter with the Yahoos, with physical appearance as that of man, violent, brutal, cowardly hairy but naked symbolizes the follies in human beings. Houyhnhnms on the other hand are reasonable and smart horses that. This is the only place that Gulliver

Economi Portfolio Essay

Price ginger snap of demand (PED ) is the measure of the responsiveness of the demand for a certain not bad(predicate) to a change in the cost of this good. It is a measure of how consumers play off to a change in price.The formula used to calculate the price elasticity of demand for a given product is % change in quantity demanded of good APED =% change in prices of good AFigure 1 demandVW on Monday revealed salary income of 4.7bn ($6bn) last family, 14 per cent higher than in 2007, while sales increased 4.5 per cent to 114bn as VW sold 6.3m vehicles.This situation is shown in class 1. There was a shift in demand curve to the right, from D1 to D2, as sales increased. VW sales increased from Q1 to Q2, and they could set higher price for their cars, which increased from p1 to p2.Car commercialise is a type of a monopolistic all in ally warlike market. Monopolistic competition has deuce basic assumptions. Firstly, the producers havent much impact on form of control over pr ice. It means that they have to keep low prices for cars, because the stigma is very competitive. Secondly, there are many producers and many consumers, while no business has total control over the market price.Moreover, it is assumed that all firms are remuneration-maximizers, and the same is with Volkswagen. It go out not be concerned rough revenue maximization or sales maximization, but only dough maximization. The number of workers it employs is also not important, nor environmental aims which are crucial these days. well-nigh of the firms are not concerned about the environment, and this is why there is forbid externality of consumption and production of VW cars. Manufactures give away greenhouse gasses and consumers cars also emit greenhouse gasses. However, Volkswagen wants only to maximize its profit.As car market is monopolistically competitive market, introduce 2 willing best represents VW costs and revenues. VW on Monday revealed net income of 4.7bn ($6bn) last year, so there was perverted profit which is label as pink area on the figure 2. The abnormal profit is the total revenue minus total cost at the train of output where MC curve is equal to MR curve.Figure 2 abnormal profitFigure 3. lossesIt is said in the article that this year earnings will not reach the high levels of previous years.. It whitethorn be possible that VW will accept only losses, which is shown in figure 3. Again, the total abnormal profit or loss is between the AC curve and AR curve at the level of output where net income are maximized (Q). The loss of Volkswagen is marked as the red rectangle in figure 3.VW has many ways to increase demand for their cars. First of all, they should spend much money on innovation, because consumers can be attracted by VW cars with the newest technology. VW works in monopolistic competition and it can steal consumers from other car makers, who will prefer Volkswagen cars.There are three possibilities of what VW may do. Volkswag en should shut land in the short run if it is unable to cover all its shifting costs in the short run. This level of price is knows as shut-down price. Secondly, it may operate in the short run, when it is able to cover all its variable quantity costs in the short run. This is known as break-even price and VW will operate in the short run so that it can make an abnormal profit in the long run. Finally, Volkswagen may operate at the profit-maximising level of output if it wants to make abnormal profit in the short run.