A Revolution for Little Miss Rock and Roll free essay sample

Breaking into the music world takes determination, passion and a great deal of luck, but for female-fronted bands, making it into the limelight has previously seemed hopeless. The bulk of breakthrough rock bands have formerly been cookie-cutter male rockers with the same black eyeliner and occasional screaming. The revolution of today’s female-fronted bands began with the introduction of the wildly popular, 80’s rock band, the Pretenders, lead by Chrissie Hynde. This lineage was continued by Evanescence, when lead singer Amy Lee’s eerie, conscience-piercing vocals forced open the door for a new style of music in the late 90’s. Since then, female-fronted bands have fought their way into popular awareness. In the realm of punk rock, Paramore’s Haley Williams steals the show with her dark yet upbeat vocals. With a background of head-banging rock and her inspirational lyrics, Williams puts a spin on the cliche four-man band. Her clear and passionate voice creates just the right change from the hundreds of other monotonous punk rock bands. We will write a custom essay sample on A Revolution for Little Miss Rock and Roll or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Paramore’s strong instrumentals and vocals provide a high-energy beat that has to be listened to while dancing on tables. For more alternative rock fans, the vocal stylings of Flyleaf’s Lacey Mosley add the perfect break from the stereotypical bands. Anger, sorrow, fear and hope pore out of every line as Mosley’s darkly melodic voice combines with the alternative rock style of her male band-mates. The strength of their music springs from haunting vocals, pounding guitars and thought-provoking lyrics. In the track â€Å"Fully Alive† off the album of the same name, the band adds perspective on life in relation to an abuse. â€Å"All my complaints shrink to nothing/ Im ashamed of all my somethings/ Shes glad for one day of comfort/ Only because she has suffered.† Fans of softer pop rock will love the and considerably happier, more bubbly approach of Hey Monday’s Cassadee Pope. Pope’s upbeat, pop voice propels the tracks forward, along si de the bands alternative rock beat. She provides a fresh voice to classic pop rock while still giving a nod to the pop princess, Avril Lavigne. Her high-energy ballads are addicting and perfect for brightening up a dark day. For the average rock fan, the montage of identical male rockers has become stale. Though there are still many interesting and captivating male bands who have defied the stereotype, the recent wave of female vocalists has begun to shake up the music industry.

How to Write a Sociology Term Paper Detailed Guide

How to Write a Sociology Term Paper Detailed Guide Need advice on how to cope with a sociology term paper? Sociology term papers are assigned to students who take sociology classes with a purpose to evaluate their performance and develop their understanding of a topic. You should approach these assignments seriously because when you practice writing, you also practice thinking in a more rigorous and profound way. You will learn not only to summarize a text but perform such complicated tasks as analyzing the text as well as evaluating and applying it. Are you thinking that sociology term paper writing is too challenging for you? Writing is just a skill and, like any other skills, it can be learned through hard work and practice. In this easy writing guide on how to write a sociology term paper, you will find effective tricks and tips that will help you organize the writing process. We will also provide details on planning, outlining, editing, rewriting etc. Be patient, use our guide to practice a lot, and you are sure to notice improvements in your work. What Is a Sociology Term Paper? A sociology term paper is actually an extended essay based on the argument for your thesis. There are 4 types of sociology term papers that are typically assigned to college students: The general research paper where you have to collect data through library research. Its goal is to improve the thesis statement and gather information to support it; The quantitative research paper where you need to collect data according to specific techniques of collecting and analyzing data. Its goal is to provide an answer to a sociological question; The ethnographic field paper where you need to generate data from observing and social interactions with people in their typical social environments; The textual analysis paper where you need to analyze some texts or books. The sociology term paper is typically written in a form of a research report that consists of the following sections: Abstract Introduction Literature Review Methodology Results/Findings Discussion/Conclusion References Sociology term papers are typically formatted using APA or ASA citation styles. You can use a variety of resources from: from discipline-specific databases, for example, the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences; subject-specific databases where you can get access to the most common scientific journals; general interests databases that offer a wide range of materials. Since sociology is actually an empirical discipline, you have to base conclusions of your term paper on the relevant evidence that is documented and gathered from collected experiences and cases. To make your claims convincing, you need systematic evidence. When doing research and reading, you can use different types of evidence from primary and secondary sources to support your thesis, for example, newspapers, scholarly journals, books, observations, interviews, surveys, questionnaires etc. All evidence can be subdivided into 2 groups: Quantitative data is used for studying social processes at a large scale, for example, changes in social attitudes, population changes, income inequality etc. it comes from censuses, surveys, and statistics. Qualitative data comes from data and texts, in-depth interviews, participant observation, and the researcher’s own reactions and impressions. Such data can give insight into how different people find certain meaning in their world. How to Choose Good Sociology Essay Topics: Advice from Our Writers The first step in writing a sociology term paper is to choose a topic. You are likely to have some broad interests in sociology but your task is to develop a specific research question. Here are some tips for choosing a successful sociology research paper topic. Select a topic that you are genuinely interested in. You will enjoy doing research and writing and your readers will appreciate your passion when reading your paper; Use your volunteer or civic engagement experience as an inspiration. You can combine your academic and personal interests to stay engaged on the topic; Pay attention to hot topics that are debated on social media or news outlets. Find questions that need answering now; Use this chance to do something new to you. Find a topic that is unfamiliar to you and challenge yourself; Look for current or past research topics in the top journals in the discipline. After you have chosen a topic for your research, you have to turn it into a narrower research question. It is a specific problem that can be addressed with empirical data. You should use brainstorming techniques to find some narrow slices in your broad topic. After you’ve found some narrower topics, you should start developing to your research question which should be very specific. Here is an example of how you can do that. If your topic is â€Å"Media and Beauty†, you can brainstorm such sub-topics as Asian, white, and black portrayals of ideal body types; Why are media using super-skinny models? Your research question can be formulated like this: Can ethnic differences in women’s conceptions of â€Å"ideal body types† be influenced by the ways they are marketed in the media targeted to certain racial/ethnic groups? If you are new to sociology studies, you may be at a loss how to choose a good research paper topic. Have a look at a short list of interesting sociology research paper topics ideas. Human Rights Movement Gender Stereotypes at a Workplace How is Homosexuality Portrayed in the Media? What Messages Are Promoted in Hip-hop Music? Cyberbullying in Social Media What Causes Childhood Obesity? Celebrities on Social Media What Features Make a Patriot? How Does Race Affect Educational Levels? Gender and Sexuality in the Contemporary Society Compare Typical Users of Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram How Is Food Advertised in the Media? Wages and Taxes in Modern Society Parenting Styles Of Different Classes Can Money Buy People Happiness? Viking Legends Single Parenting Are Wealthy People Less Ethical? What Is More Important for Success: Intelligence or Beauty? Escapism Through Virtual Reality How to Choose Methodology to Answer Your Research Question When you have chosen your research question, you need to decide how you will answer it. The choice of the right sociology research methods will depend on what you want to say. All sociology methods are divided into qualitative (ethnography, interview, participant observation) and quantitative (statistical analysis of some numeric data). Besides, sociologists use historical or archival methods and content analysis and, in some cases, experimental approaches. Quantitative methods are used to identify relationships and patterns among certain characteristics and outcomes of large groups of people. Qualitative methods are applied to determine mechanisms in the relationships and to monitor different social processes in detail. When choosing your methods, you should keep in mind that certain sociological phenomena can’t be easily measured with just numbers. In some cases, it is necessary to use multiple methodologies to get an answer to a research question. Start Writing with a Literature Review The first thing you should do is to perform a research of the relevant literature on your topic and work on your literature review. You need to give an analytical summary of the previous works on your topic. Remember that it’s not just writing some paragraphs that summarize the content of every article you read. Your task is to link together the main points that you have read to make a story of what has been done by previous researchers and what has to be done. You should determine several key empirical or theoretical categories and link them together. And you need to determine the key debates on your topic. In the literature review, you need to provide the background information that will help your reader understand your research question. Use brainstorming techniques to identify several key empirical and theoretical issues for an investigation and start locating your sources. You should start with influential scholarly books and recent articles in the journals, and then use other library resources and Google Scholar. You should make a working list of relevant sources in a form of Word document and copy there their titles, sources, and abstracts. Then, you should read your sources, paying attention to all the keywords on your research question, and make notes of the key points. After you finish reading about 70% of the sources on your list, you may start to draft your literature review. Develop an Outline An outline is an organizational plan for your sociology term paper. It helps you present what you plan to say and develop supporting paragraphs to move to your conclusions. Making a good outline can save you tons of time during the revision process because you will not need to rearrange your ideas after you have written them. Need advice on how you can create a good outline? Here are some tips: First, you should carefully read all your notes and think about ways to organize them. You have to classify all your findings, taking into account how they relate to your thesis statement or research question. That’s why you need to look for some common trends. For example, you can classify all your findings under 2 big headings. That is quite enough for a 5,000-word term paper. You can find clues how to do it if you look through an original assignment that your professor has given you. There is a variety of techniques that you can use for classifying your findings, for example, you can do it on paper with different-colored highlighters or symbols or paper-clip index cards with your notes. If you find that some sections for supporting your argument are not strong enough, you should do some more research or combine 2 weak section under one heading. You can use any outline format that works best for you. There is no need to stick to the formal roman-numeral structure. Writing a Draft Now that you have an outline, you have to start writing your sociology term paper sections. You should stick to the point and focus on your thesis statement or research question. Your task is to provide a convincing argument and relevant evidence to support your argument and persuade your readers that your ideas are correct. Make sure that your thesis statement is strong and do your best to write clearly and concisely. Avoid padding and digressions. Be ready that you’ll need to make more than one draft. Typically, all first drafts are vague, confusing, they feature bad writing and are full of omissions and other errors. Second drafts are better but they are not perfect. So you’ll need to revise your drafts and make improvements in the content and in their logic. Remember that the best term papers are commonly rewritten several times. Revising and Editing Tips In the process of revising, your task is to push your analysis further, to improve and expand your original argument, and make connections between your key points. There are different kinds of revising: large-scale and small-scale revising, editing, and proofreading. When making a large-scale revision, you need to look at the entire paper and find places where your logic is not clear. You may need to provide additional evidence, to define certain terms or even offer an entirely new aspect to your initial reasoning. If you discover a new interesting idea, you might even decide to rewrite the entire paper or at least certain sections. You can change the structure of your sociology term paper to make it more effective. If you notice that a certain part of your paper is not good enough, you may need to perform a small-scale revision. You should revise this section and after that, you will need to review the whole paper to make sure that the part you have revised works well in the context of the entire sociology term paper. When editing, your task is to find some minor problems with the text and improve readability – cut and paste paragraphs, delete some sentences or words. At this stage, you need to make your project clear and interesting to your readers. When proofreading, you will need to find and fix some small punctuation, spelling, and grammar errors. You should go through all these levels of revision to ensure that your sociology term paper is powerful and flawless.

The Development of The Dadaism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Development of The Dadaism - Essay Example The essay "The Development of The Dadaism" explores the Graphic Design and the Connection to Dadaism. In looking at the development of Dadaism, its origins and theoretical concepts, one can make a close association with contemporary graphic design development. The most difficult thing about discussing Dada is that those who created the work that they proclaimed Dada, all had differing definitions and vague referencing to what would define it. In fact, a lack of definition is at the core of what became the Dada movement. However, as in all things, time has created some context from which the Dada period can be referenced. As well, the core of the philosophies that were developed during the time was a sense that the world was in turmoil and that an anarchists ideal was what was needed to strike a note against the corruptions and political climates that had contributed to World War. In fact, Dadaists created a manifesto to discuss the ‘demands’ of the movement toward promot ing change. Richard Huelsenbeck and Raoul Hausmann created a manifest that outlined the principles and expectations of the Dadaists on society. Within the manifest were such demands as the immediate mechanization of all labor so that mankind could be free to think and create, as well as the immediate seizure of all land so that property was no longer valued and food was dispersed to all people. While based on Marxian theory, some anarchists did not actually join the Communist Party, while others did in protest of the bourgeoisie.

Environmental Law, Case Briefings Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Law, Briefings - Case Study Example ach exemption were made, it was found that it failed to comprise of the consequences of the measurements; moving on it was found that the court could not review the specific legal conclusion and its reasonableness until and unless the EPA discussed the estimate of assimilative-capacity loss and went to clarify why it thought of them as insignificant; Further the approval of EPA of Kentucky's categorization of certain waters as appropriate for Tier I rather than Tier II protection was not arbitrary, contrary to law and capricious. Thus the case was remanded to the EPA and it was allowed to take into account of and then properly address the paucity in consideration the exceptions known as de minimis. The case involved a ruling under National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and there wee many defendants and plaintiffs. The case concerned the use of genetically modified crops which was a controversial practice and to be precise it was the use of hebicide resistance alfalfa which was produce by Monsanto. The facts concerned Monsanto Company which had been involved in large scale production of chemical products including the herbicides and pesticides. It developed a new genetically modified alfalfa in 1990s which was approved by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) in 2005. This is an appeal for injunction which pending the environmental impact statement(EIS) was sought by the plaintiffs Geertson Seed Farms and Trask Family Seeds (conventional alfalfa-seed farms) and environmental groups who argue that such cross-pollination may cause conventional alfafa to finish. Monsanto and its licensee have been on the side of the governments and acted as the defendants. The Court of Appeal cited the decision of injunction which had been given by the district court and it was stated that subject to the pending EIS assessment and the deregulation decision, the injunction would be upheld. Despite the fact that there was no sufficient evidentiary hearing which was present due to the fact that the district court had performed the traditional test of balancing, so the injunction would be acted upon till the completion the analysis of the APHIS. It needs to be pointed out that the Court clearly illustrated that there was no matter of law which was involved. Wong v. Bush, U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals No. 07-16799 The plaintiff in this case were those who had taken active part in the protest which had taken place on August 26 and 27, 2007, which opposed the Hawaii Super ferry's(HSF) operation to the Nawiliwili Harbor in Kauai, Hawaii, by saying that it was illegal. The Appellants went on to appeal from the district court which denied them the motion for declaratory relief, restraining order for provisional period, a preliminary injunction and a permanent

Problem Question Aviator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Problem Question Aviator - Essay Example (An Airprox is a situation in which, in the opinion of a pilot or a controller, the distance between aircraft as well as their relative positions and speed have been such that the safety of the aircraft involved was or may have been compromised.( UK Airprox Board available at http://www.airproxboard.org.uk/). The private pilot Jack should first of all be advised about the above disastrous effects that could have been caused by his actions of omission and commission which can be classed as those ranging from negligence, and breach of duty to downright vandalism. The potential liabilities due to various infringements have been examined and are as listed below:- i) The following provisions specified in Part A of Schedule 14 to Article 148 , contravention of anyone of which can, as per Article 148(5), carry a summary conviction to a fine not exceeding Level 4 on the standard scale. ii) The following provisions specified in Part B of Schedule 14 to Article 148 , contravention of anyone of which can, as per Article 148(6), carry a summary conviction to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum and on conviction on indictment to a fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or both. iii) The following provision specified in Part C of Schedule 14 to Article 148 , contravention of of which can, as per Article 148(7), carry a summary conviction to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum and on conviction on indictment to a fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or both. i) Jack is liable for disciplinary action, including revoking/suspension of his personnel license from the CAA for prima facie infringement of the following condition specified in paragraph 1.175 of JAR–FCL 1. â€Å"Circumstances in which an IR(A) is required (a) The holder of a

Health Essays Caffeine Health Effects

Health Essays Caffeine Health Effects Caffeine Health Effects Abstract Caffeine is the most commonly consumed ‘drug’ in the world that is said to have been discovered in the Paleolithic Period. It is found in basically everything that people consume including all types of food, soft drinks, energy drinks, coffee, tea, and chocolate. The purpose of caffeine is to help strengthen attentiveness and diminish exhaustion. Taking too much or abusing the use of caffeine, can cause side effects, but can all be avoided if taken in reasonable amounts. So many beneficial effects come with consuming this drug from helping people in sports, to losing weight, to increasing alertness, and repelling things such as snails and slugs. Testing is done often to find more ways that caffeine is useful in individual’s lives. In the author’s opinion it is believed that caffeine has many more positive effects that overcome the negative effects. Introduction and History Caffeine has been around for many years and is having an impact on more and more people everyday. A great deal of evidence denotes that the consumption of caffeine goes all the way back to the Paleolithic Period (Magkos Kavouras, 2005). Some may think that caffeine is bad for the body and does no good, however many Americans consume caffeine everyday in their diet. Although caffeine has both positive and negative effects, there are much more positive effects if taken responsibly. Caffeine is a drug that stimulates the central nervous system, which causes high alertness. Taking too much of any drug is going to lead to the chances of having side effects. The side effects can be prevented by decreasing the amount of caffeine that is taken into the body. Thus, from increasing alertness, mood, psychomotor performance, to helping as a dietary aid and extending exercise in people suffering from heart failure, to being used as a repellent for mollusks, caffeine is used in many ways and has many positive effects that go along with it. People need to have a better understanding of caffeine before making judgments. Consumption The main source of caffeine consumption comes from soft drinks. Caffeine is an additive used in such drinks to sweeten the taste. It can show no flavor depending on the amount taken, but the positive effects that come with it are an increased attention rate and better mood. Because of these effects, more people thrive off caffeinated drinks. Looking around, there are soft drink machines everywhere giving more people access to this stimulant. Yet, many people believe that they should not be in schools or places where it is efficient for kids because they say it is so unhealthy for them (Keast Riddell, 2006). Others will argue this in saying that caffeine is good for the body as long as it’s not abused. This is a true statement, and as a result educating more people on the effects of caffeine would be very helpful to everyone. Besides soda and other soft drinks, caffeine is also found in coffee. Coffee has many positive effects to it, such that coffee stimulates the brain and increases energy and mood, and can help in preventing diseases such as skin, liver, and colon cancer, and some others. Both the combination of daily exercise and a cup of coffee are said by scientists to help in the prevention of skin cancer. This has been tested and proven on hairless mice, which have extremely sensitive skin to the sun. Stated from The Times of India, one group was given caffeinated water to drink, another group exercised on a running wheel at its own convenience, while the third group both drank caffeine and exercised on the wheel, and the control group neither drank nor exercised. All of the mice were exposed to ultraviolet radiation, which the results in comparing all the groups to the control group showed that the caffeine drinkers showed an increase of 95% in ultraviolet radiation stimulating apoptosis. Apoptosis is the process where cells with damaged DNA are destroyed against illness. The second group showed a 120% increase, while the mice that both consumed caffeine and exercised showed close to a 400% increase (â€Å"Coffee May Prevent,† 2007). A study was also developed to research the effects of caffeine on liver cancer. More than 90,000 Japanese were used in a study and it was found that people that drank coffee daily or close to every day had reduced the risk of liver cancer by nearly half compared to those who never drank coffee. â€Å"The American Cancer Society estimates that 18,920 cases of liver cancer were diagnosed in the United States last year and some 14,270 people died of the illness† (â€Å"Coffee May Help,† 2008). As a result, it is well stated that caffeine can reduce the chances of liver cancer. According to many scientists, there is a highly antioxidant compound that is found in coffee that reduces the chances of colon cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. This compound found in coffee is called methylpyridinium, however is not found in raw coffee beans but is created during the roasting process. Tests were brought out to scrutinize this compound even more, so specially equipped extracts of the coffee were exposed to certain lab situations of human intestinal cells for three days and were compared to cells that were not exposed to coffee. In the experiment, coffee extracts were found to have increased the activity levels of phase II enzymes. Then, to determine whether it had the same effect in living systems, a group of twenty-four rats was evenly divided into three groups. Each group was fed different diets, either a normal diet, a diet mixed with coffee extract, or a normal diet containing pure methylpyridinium. The tests showed that rats that were fed the coffee extract had a 24-40% increase in phase II enzymes and the group with the pure methylpyridinium showed an increase in the enzyme activity levels (â€Å"Highly Active,† 2003). Results show that coffee is proven to fight cancer in living systems. Caffeine can help in such diseases as cancer in which caffeine and another substance called theophylline are found in many products like coffee, chocolate, and many soft drinks. It is said that they can block enzymes that are crucial for cell growth, which means that one day it could be used to stop cell growth all together and avoid blood clots that can cause heart attacks and strokes (â€Å"Caffeine Boost,† 2002). It is not just coffee that prevents cancer, it is the caffeine in coffee that is preventing this disease. As most know, there is no cure for cancer, although the tests above show the many ways in which caffeine can help prevent one of the leading causes of deaths. Despite the positive effects of consuming coffee, here in the United States, drinking coffee is consumed most by adults. However, in Guatemala, it is very common among children. It is one of the first liquids given to babies after milk in Guatemala, even though it may affect the cognitive function by damaging iron levels. It is also known to hinder with the iron absorption and iron status of pregnant women and their babies, which is why it is said that pregnant woman should give up coffee during the term of pregnancy because it could cause miscarriages (Engle Vasdias et al, 1999). Nonetheless, not consuming coffee while pregnant and not giving coffee to such young children can avoid these negative effects. Sports and Diet Caffeine is known as one of the most widely used pick-me-ups in sports because of it’s ability to increase alertness and mood. Many athletes depend on this stimulant to help them carry on with their game if they are feeling a little drowsy or incapable to perform in an expected manner. Using caffeine is often used to improve physical and mental performance. It improves physical performance by causing alertness and giving the athlete energy to perform and improves mental performance by stimulating the central nervous system. This helps the athletes have higher levels of concentration (Magkos Kavouras, 2005). Using caffeine instead of other types of steroids and drugs is much cheaper and has less health effects. It also has less ineligibility cases compared to many other drugs. Being cut from a team is not the only consequence if caught using steroids or drugs, but it is also considered a felony. Therefore, many athletes should take caffeine over steroids to increase energy (Magkos Kavouras, 2005). Unless caffeine is taken in substantial amounts, some side effects may occur. Taking in massive quantities of caffeine may trigger dehydration that could affect functioning. It may also cause gastrointestinal pain and other side effects, such that caffeine is absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and spread throughout the tissues of the body. Athletes that are abusing the use of caffeine may notice an occurrence in nervousness or an increase in heart rate and may even lead up to seizures or a coma. Caffeine has to be taken with some caution, because of the possible negative side effects that could take place, but remembering to take in only what is needed will help bring out only the positive effects (Magkos Kavouras, 2005). Since caffeine is found in so many foods and over the counter medications, it is becoming to show an increase in all diets around the world. Many people that are trying to lose weight take caffeine pills or eat a diet that is high in caffeine for the energy, similar to those as athletes that use it to enhance performance. Though caffeine pills should not be taken everyday and should be taken early in the day to reduce the chances of losing sleep at night. They help in increasing energy levels and suppressing hunger. This is very helpful for people who do not have the energy to get up and exercise. Some people may need that extra boost to get them started (Striegel-Moore Franko et al, 2006). On the other hand, it is not a fundamental nutrient, nor good for the health if taken too often. Too much can become addictive and cause problems like eating disorders, which is very common among young adults. Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia are found more common among girls than in boys. Many girls in their teens have more pressure on themselves and feel the need to lose extra weight. Consuming large amounts of caffeine will enhance their energy and suppress the need for food, or hunger. Even though they may already be thin, they will continue starving themselves because they believe they are fat. It’s a constant battle that never ends and it is a very difficult disease to fight. Effects on Sleep When caffeine is consumed in reasonable amounts, everyday consumption of it can be helpful and have many beneficial effects on human behavior and sleep showing more people with enhanced mental functioning. Imagine truck drivers who drive such long distances day and night, consuming caffeine can help stay alert and focused on the road. Many accidents occur in a year because of people falling asleep at the wheel. Taking caffeine for better functioning reasons while driving or other reasons can be very beneficial. Regardless of the positive effects of reducing fatigue and better functioning, there are the downfalls of consuming too much caffeine. Too much caffeine has a big effect on your sleeping ability. Sleep disorders are becoming more and more known to many children and adults because of the amount of caffeine they are taking in. Large amounts of caffeine taken at night will make it much harder to fall asleep. People face more problems like feeling tired when they wake up or waking up in the middle of the night and not being able to fall back asleep. Although, the majority of people are very good at the amount of caffeine they take in to get the most out of the positive effects (Orbeta Overpeck et al, 2005). Effects on Human Behavior Rather than better mental functioning purposes and an increase in alertness, caffeine is also shown to improve many effects on human behavior. For instance, psychomotor performance is enhanced with caffeine intake. A psychomotor skill deals with being able to make movements that are essential to complete a task, however they are skills that are performed often without even thinking how they are done. Handwriting is an example of a very difficult psychomotor skill where as people have their own unique way of writing, some using the wrist more, or maybe the elbow, or moving the whole arm as they write. Caffeine consumption can improve handwriting and reveal a much larger improvement in handwriting skills if taken in moderate quantities (Tucha Walitza et al, 2006). When caffeine is consumed in so many different amounts in many types of foods, it will improve people’s talent to perform certain responsibilities requiring a lot of attention. Also, when dispensed in the same amount, caffeine increases alertness and reduces fatigue. The opposing effects take place when caffeine is consumed in unbearable amounts or by people who are overly sensitive to the drug (Smith, 2002). As a result, caffeine is very helpful in which it can improve vigilance tasks and help people become more focused, so multitasking can be done. Use as a Repellent Caffeine is also used a repellent in which many people probably didn’t know. Many products for the use of mollusk control include metaldehyde or methiocarb for the main ingredients. However, both of these ingredients are highly poisonous by inhalation and to all animals. Caffeine is an all-natural product that is categorized as a generally recognized as safe (GRAF) product by the United States FDA. There have been many tests to support that caffeine is a well-proven repellent as well (Hollingsworth, Armstrong, Campbell, 2002). According to Hollingsworth, Armstrong, and Campbell (2002) spray applications containing one to two percent of caffeine have been reported to kill slugs during a test that experienced caffeine as a toxicant against frog pests. Another test (Figure 1) took action upon orchid snails where as they were put into Petri dishes with caffeine while the heart rates were taken under a microscope. Snails with caffeine concentrations of .1% or more had vulnerable and uneven heartbeats after a 24-hour period. The snails with higher caffeine concentrations were dead after 96 hours, or four days. As a result, caffeine has been proven to kill off mollusks and would be a much safer alternative for food crops. Taking caffeine on an everyday basis will cause the body to become addicted to the substance and cause withdrawals if missing a day. Withdrawals may include headaches or may cause a change in mood. When the amount of caffeine that is taken in is reduced, the body will become very responsive to adenosine. The responsiveness will cause blood pressure to drop, causing an overload of blood to rush to the head, which leads to a headache. Headaches can last between one to five days and aside from such painful headaches, restlessness, irritability, and constant fatigue may occur (Smith, 2002). All of the negative effects come from consuming too much caffeine. For that reason, if caffeine were used correctly and more sensibly, the negative effects would not take place. Negative effects on any drug can be avoided by following simple directions of not overdosing and if sensitive to the drug, don’t take at all. There are so many people that abuse it and take it for all of the wrong reasons. If they took caffeine for the right reasons, they would begin to see positive effects. Conclusion In conclusion, researchers are constantly exploring the many ways that caffeine is beneficial and has proven these effects in many cases. The main source of caffeine comes from soft drinks, in which it is an additive used to sweeten the taste. It is also very popular in coffee where it helps prevent against some diseases and has the effect of an increased attention rate and better mood. In sports, athletes thrive off caffeine to enhance performance because it is much cheaper and has less health effects than any other drug or steroid. Becoming an increase in all foods, caffeine is also used in many diets to help increase energy. The biggest factor in using caffeine is sleep. Sleep is unwanted in many situations such as driving and other vigilance tasks. Taking caffeine helps sleep by increasing alertness and mental functioning, while reducing fatigue. Other than increasing alertness and mental functioning, so many other effects take place in the behavior of individuals. Effects on human behavior include improving multitasking and developing psychomotor performance, such as improving handwriting skills. Another assured effect that caffeine takes part in is repelling things such as snails and slugs. It is proven much safer than other products and has been tested in many different experiments. Caffeine has much more positive effects that overcome the negative effects. The negative effects of caffeine all come from being abused or taken in too large of quantities, meaning that more people need to understand all of the effects. From athletes trying to enhance performance, people dieting, better functioning, an increase in alertness, to repelling things such as snails and slugs. Caffeine has many effects on the body to help improve behavior. Looking back at all of the beneficial ways in which caffeine helps, provides all the more reasons why it is used so often. References American Chemical Society (2003, October 15). Highly Active Compound Found in Coffee May Prevent Colon Cancer. Science Daily. Retrieved April 20, 2008, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/10/031015031251.htm Caffeine boost in cancer battle. (2002, August 22). Retrieved April 20, 2008, from http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/08/21/cancer.research/ Coffee may help prevent liver cancer. (2005, February 15). USA Today. Retrieved April 20, 2008, from http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2005-02-15-coffee-liver_x.htm Coffee may prevent skin cancer. (2007, July 31). The Times of India. Retrieved April 20, 2008, from http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Coffee_may_prevent_skin_cancer_/articleshow/2246470.cms Engle, P.L., Vasdias, T., et al. (1999). Effects of discontinuing coffee intake on iron deficient Guatemalan toddlers’ cognitive development and sleep. Early Human Development, 53, 251-269. Hollingsworth, R.G., Armstrong, J.W., Campbell, E. (2002). Caffeine as a repellent for slugs and snails. Nature, 417, 915. Keast, R.S.J., Riddell, L.J. (2007). Caffeine as a flavor additive in soft-drinks. Appetite, 49, 255-259. Magkos, F., Kavouras, S.T. (2005). Caffeine use in sports, pharmacokinetics in man, and cellular mechanisms of action. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 45, 535-562. Orbeta, R.L., Overpeck, M.D., et al. (2005). High caffeine intake in adolescents: associations with difficult sleeping and feeling tired in the morning. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38, 451-453. Smith, A. (2002). Effects of caffeine on human behavior. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 40, 1243-1255. Striegel-Moore, R.H., Franko, D.L., et al. (2006). Caffeine Intake in Eating Disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39:2, 162-165. Tucha, O., Walitza, S. et al. (2006). The effect of caffeine on handwriting movements in skilled writers. Human Movement Science, 25, 523-535.

Financial Theories Overview Essay

costs of capital to a firm would remain the same no matter what combination of financing sources the firm actually chose† (Miller, 2001, p. 185). The dividend proposition overcomes objection to leverage proof. | 3. Agency Cost Theory I Michael Jensen and William Meckling define agency costs as the costs associated with cooperative effort by human beings, which arises when the principal hires an agent to carry out duties Oensen, 2005). Conflicts of interest between management and shareholders are inevitable and can cause a potential loss in value of public corporations (Chew, 2001). For example, shareholders may want management to increase shareholder value, but management may grow the business to increase personal power and wealth (Chew, 2001). | Enron’s company was worth $30 billion and senior managers’ tried to defend a $40 billion of excess valuation. Ultimately Enron executives destroyed the company â€Å"by trying to fool the markets through accounting manipulations, hiding debt through off-balance sheet partnerships, and over hyped new ventures such as their broadband futures effort† Oensen, 2005, pp. 10-11). John Roth, former chief executive officer (CEO) of Nortel, wrote off most cquisitions, when stock price crashed and closed down activities, which resulted in the destruction of not only the corporate value but also the social value of the company Oensen, 2005). Finance scholars found a reduction in conflict of interest between management and shareholders because of: (1) product market competition and a market for executive labor

Role of Industrial Manager

The modern industrial manager is largely responsible for overlooking management operations at the workplace along with the management of people and technology. The role of the industrial manager is mainly personnel management initiatives for the employees as well as operational management and technology management through HR principles and knowledge management involving technological advances. Some of the theories that could be discussed in the context would be McGregor’s theory X-Y, Taylor and Fayol theories of management and how leadership skills of the manager could affect output and general performance of employees and the company. Role of manager: The focus here is on the role of the industrial manager, what he does and the tasks he is expected to perform. McGregor has formulated his X-Y theory by examining theories of individual behavior at work and his assumptions for theory X and theory Y vary considerably (McGregor, 2006). The theory X assumptions are that employees inherently dislike work and the managers feel that workers are in the job mainly because of the money. This sort of management style has inherent flaws as tight controls could go against the freedom of employees and will finally make people unproductive and resentful. The theory Y shows the management style marked by open-mindedness allowing individuals to work with their own responsibility. In this case, the manager believes that employees commit to their organizations through imagination, and creativity (McGregor, 2006; Weisbord, 2004). If the job is satisfying, individuals will more often commit to their organization which is always good from any HR perspective. Theory Y is often considered a positive set of assumptions for workers and reflects higher order needs. The other theories of management that could be used in practice would be Taylor’s scientific management theory that suggests that man is a rational economic animal concerned with his own economic gain and people tend to respond individually. Taylor’s theory suggests that people could be treated like machines and these principles suggest that high wages could be linked to motivation. However, considering humans as standardized machines would be like overlooking several individual differences and this would not be advantageous for any organization. Fayol’s theory emphasized on team dynamics and employee efforts in an organization (Fayol, 1988). Division of labor, authority and responsibility, discipline, unity of command and direction, emphasis on general interest, remuneration, centralization, line of authority, order, equity, stability of tenure, initiative etc are some of the features in Fayol’s theory that points out to a successful management system within an organization. Conclusion: In conclusion the role of the industrial manager is associated with bringing out a balance between people’s sense of responsibility and economic and other gains of the company. The theories used here suggest that the industrial manager is responsible for understanding individual needs of employees as also their opinions and sense of responsibility. Bibliography Fayol, Henri. (1988) General and industrial management /Â  Henry Fayol. Pitman McGregor, Douglas. (2006) The human side of enterprise /Â  Douglas McGregor, updated and with new commentary by Joel Cutcher-Gershenfeld. New York ;Â  London :Â  McGraw-Hill, Weisbord, Marvin Ross. (2004) Productive workplaces revisited :Â  dignity, meaning, and community in the 21st century /Â  Marvin R. Weisbord. [2nd ed.]. San Francisco, Calif. :Â  Jossey-Bass ;Â  Chichester :Â  John Wiley

Global East - Twin Globalization essays

Global East - Twin Globalization essays Globalization is used in any and every context. It is used in international discourses both official and non-official, and in the context of the interdependency of economies and nations. The word globalization has evolved over time, but it has assumed more prominence since the end of the cold war and rapid liberation of emerging economies. Since the whole process is about development and transformation the process of globalization has become the necessary consequence of the economic development and cultural development, which is the pursuit of most modern market economies leading to interconnectedness of most economies and nations. However even with all the research, case studies, and discussions about globalization, it still remains an elusive concept without real-life examples capable of breathing shape, color, and sound into a vague term that continues to dominate the twenty- first century media landscape(Steger 2). One can claim that the engine that drives forces of globalizatio n is primarily a combination of economic and cultural ones. But in order to understand what drives the forces, first an analysis of the concept of globalization is relevant. Economical and cultural forces continue to drive the engine of globalization, resulting in a balancing act of positives and negatives while determining the ever-changing worth of nations. To understand why globalization continues to exist, one has to analyze the two forces that continue to instill life into it, the economic and cultural forces. One of the forces is economic globalization and is positively characterized by the intensification and stretching of economic interrelations across the globe (Steger 38). With the liberalization of the free market, tremendous flows of capital have stimulated trade in goods and services. Markets have extended their reach around the world, creating linkages, with other nations, transnational corporations, an...

stock market essays

stock market essays Prior to the stock market crash in 1929 and Black Thursday, a day which meant financial ruin for much of America, the U.S Economy was experiencing a great boom. The stock market, a growing trend in the life of Americans, allowed almost every man to experience the American dream. Investing was something that almost every person could do, the thought of putting in a few hundred dollars one day and waking up the next morning with twice as much money as you had put in amazed people. Once they started they couldnt get enough. At the beginning of the 1920s approximately 1.5 million citizens participated in the stock market but at the close of 1928 survey s said the about 17million had taken interest in the stock market. Because of their success and that of so many others, people could not possibly see how the stock market could fail, they watched its growth day by day and saw themselves grow more and more wealthy. This is not to say however that no one paid attention to the increasing amo unt of warning signs. Many noted that the pace at which prices were rising could be potentially dangerous, however when they tried to warn the public, people thought they were crazy for thinking this amazing time of wealth and prosperity could come to a devastating end. In the 1920s playing the stock market became a sort of national sport, people who had never invested in anything or prior to the 20s had never even heard of the stock market were buying and selling in hopes of getting rich quick. Brokerage firms became a common thing with advertisements and competition for lowest interest and down payments of as low as 10%. This further added to the madness of the times. What the average person didnt understand however, was that the stock prices did not reflect the real values of the shares or how much the companies were worth. Because of this, people spent their entire savings on stocks and when the bear market began...

Change Management - one best way Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Change Management - one best way - Assignment Example This acknowledgment was established to have basis prevalent ambiguity all through the segment activating an idea that change was required. (Seger, 2005) The centre of such change on directorial background materialises to have been influenced by facts of the noticeable achievement of other society organisation labours in the UK and US. An administrator asserts: The spotlight on society organisation shows to have been emphasises by the determined service of young UK skilled executives who are observed as both well-informed of recent UK leisure practice and thus important causes of contemporary information. These new work force appear to have established new thoughts into the business and have dynamically inscribed the merits of society administration-something the senior directors carefully planned a narrative cause of prospective gung ho benefit. (Olson, 2001) The NewTech change scheme involved a continuing twelve-month programme planned to change not only the procedures of the corporation but also the fundamental thinking of directorial affiliates. In this regard, it shows that the top administration of Isis Hotel Luxor maintained the progress of change centred on imposing purchaser dominion and escalating stages of purchaser direction. In spite of concerning considerable assets and time outlay, the pr... At the end of 1997 the proprietors of the corporation determined what they experienced required to be completed and applied the change over the subsequent year, as promptly as probable. The change programme did not have any stages as such, even though six months into the scheme an augmented stress was situated on altering lower-level employee viewpoint and behaviours. Early systems and structural changes were hurried through as easily as was probable. (Collins, 2005) The original changes leaned to centre on artefact changes whilst the same time as afterward changes were cantered on leisure hotel measures and humanising purchase-orientation. Dazzling a strong interior artistic centre, the four proprietors of the corporation powerfully supposed that the society change was required but that Isis Hotel Luxor should rely on internal work force and proficiency rather than exterior managers. Although some changes were derivative from other associations, top directors have always had the con viction that no outer help was essential for their execution. Instead, top administration disagreed that the comprehensive corporeal changes could be handled by top employees at the same time as leisure hotel directors would be capable to manipulate the behaviours and viewpoints of lower employees. Impacts of Change Research of interrogate facts divulge that the NewTech changed was apparent to have impacted on recital results, behavioural stakeholder interface as well as spiralling some usual accessible views. However, some inadvertent penalties of these changes also emerge to have distorted the views of Top executives. In conditions of recital results, Top personnel thought that the NewTech scheme had an

Gerardus Mercator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gerardus Mercator - Essay Example As stated by the author (Van Cauwenberghe, C., 2005), Gerardus Mercator's personal self-governing map-making only started when he created a map of Palestine in 1537 and this was pursued by an additional map of the world in 1538 and a map of Flanders in 1540. In 1541, Mercator made a globe of chips of wood, wrapped with linen and plaster. On top of it he stuck twelve parts of paper which was colored by him. Throughout this stage, he learned Italic handwriting as it was the most appropriate kind of handwriting for copper engraving of maps. He wrote down his first tutoring book of Italic handwriting which was published in northern Europe. (Van Cauwenberghe, C., 2005). In 1544, Mercator was accused with unorthodoxy due to his kindness for Protestant thinking and doubts about his regular travels. He was in prison for seven months before the blames were plunged, perhaps because of interference from the university authorities. However, in 1552, he went towards Duisburg, one of the main cities in the German Duchy of Cleves. He opened a cartographic workshop, where he finished a six-panel map of Europe in 1554. In the mean while, he began to teach mathematics at the academic college of Duisburg. After generating quite a few maps, he was chosen as a Court Cosmographer to Wilhelm, Duke of Jlich Cleves Berg in 1564. Before Mercator, seafarers had a problem, there weren't any reliable carts. The signals of the compass didn't agree with the signs of the carts. As a result, the seafarers ran aground hundreds of kilometers from their target. But Mercator had a solution as he wanted to give the seafarers a dependable cart. He created a new chart and used it fi rst in 1569. He projected the world on a cylinder having the parallels and meridians cross each other vertically and extending the distances on the corresponding lines with the same reason as the distances on the meridians. When Mercator presented his latest world map in 1569, he right away resolved one of the most imperative problems of map-reading which was to sketch a map on which a rhumb can be symbolized as a straight line.He used the word atlas to illustrate the collection of maps and encouraged Abraham Ortelius to assemble the first modern world atlas namely, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum in 1570. He formed his own atlas in numerous parts, the first of which was published in 1578 and consisted of accurate versions of the maps of Ptolemy. Maps of France, Germany and the Netherlands were added in 1585 and of the Balkans and Greece in 1588. More maps were published in 1595 after his death by his son Rumold Mercator. It took a while before the maps of Mercator were launched for navigation because Mercator kept his mathematical backdrop as a secret. As a result, other mathematicians struggled on other way to solve the problem. Michiel Coignet, a mathematician of Antwerp, attempted to give it a way out by calculating the length of the rhumb piece by piece for some given paths. These statistics didn't mean anything for seafarers only if they couldn't mark them out on their maps. Simon Stevin had similar thoughts and he recommended the usage moulds, shaped like a loxodrome and appropriating to each map. The real mathematical approach came from Edward Wright in 1599 using the basic idea for a Mercator map