Definitions of Attitudes Essay

authorized learn is the process of learning by association, which involves the pairing of stimuli when one (1) stimulant regularly precedes another, the one that occurs first is a signal for the other to occur. If an unmarried eats spicy cuisine, which constantly gives them heartburn, they associate the spicy food with heartburn. The respective(prenominal) recognizes that one time spicy food is ingested, heartburn will follow next. therefrom the attitude towards spicy foods whitethorn not be positive.Instrumental conditioning is the process by which the several(prenominal) learns the difference between rewards and punishments and actions with these consequences as the annul result. If a child knows that his/her parent(s) will spank them for breaking a glass, indeed the attitude towards such an action will be negative, in pasture to deter punishment, but if he/she recognizes that doing well at school reaps rewards, thusly the attitude towards studying and excelling will be positive.Observational conditioning is scarcely developing an attitude from example learning. An attitude is observed and influences and someones own attitude towards the subject in question. In a parent-child relationship, children commentator their parents attitude and much times seize on them. If a child hears their parent making negative comments about an issue, they may mayhap develop a negative attitude towards the same issue. Comparing our views to those of others, to count if our social reality is or is not correct, can change attitudes.We often change our attitudes to fit in with everyone elses so that we do not feel left out. Political views are an example of this. An individual may hold a particular view on the new political administration, however, while in a group discussion, the general consensus may not be the same as that of the individual, who may then controversy his/her attitude, towards that of the groups in order to be a part of the discussion and emp loy their views to second guess his/her views. Genetics play a small percentage in attitude formation.Studies conducted with identical twins suggest that attitudes may be influenced by genetic factors. Daniel Katz proposed a consumptional theory of attitudes. He popular opinion that attitudes are determined by the starts they serve as they help the individual to achieve their goals. The four (4) functions are the instrumental, knowledge, value-expressive and ego-defensive. Katzs theory also says that our attitudes change, once they no longer serve its functions and the individual feels frustrated.The instrumental function helps individuals to form negative and positive attitudes by adopting favorable attitudes to maximize rewards and shunning dysphemistic ones to minimize punishments and help us to realise specific goals. The knowledge function helps us to evaluate surroundings and seeks to give clarity about ideas, objects and persons. The value-expressive function serves to p ublicly express ourselves. From the way we dress to our religious convictions, this function helps to adopt attitudes consistent with our views.