How Do Abiotic Factors Influence the Rate of Photosynthesis?

How Do Abiotic Factors Influence the Rate of Photosynthesis?Table of limit (Jump to)I. Background queryDesignII. Research QuestionIII. HypothesisIV. variable starsV. instrumentVI. Safety Aspects/Animal social welf atomic number 18 IssuesVII. MethodData Collection and ProcessingConclusion and EvaluationEvaluationConclusionBibliographyI. Background ResearchPhotosynthesis is the process in which green plants, algae and cyanobacteria use the aught of sun silly to form carbohyd crops from ampere-second dioxide and piddle in the presence of chlorophyll. Organisms need complex carbon paper compounds to build the structure of their cells and to process all important(p) and vital procedures. Some organisms argon able to form all the carbon compounds they need using merely demoralise energy and simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and water (Alott Mindorff). Photosynthesis croup be described by a chemical equation. The overall balanced equation isPlant cells use car bon dioxide and water for photosynthesis. To finish this process, plants also need get by energy captured from the sun, which they gain using a distinguish process. The usable barricade product the plant produces through photosynthesis is glucose, which the plant uses as food. The oxygen produced as an yield of this process is a byproduct and is consequently released back into the environment.Animals and plants both construct fats and proteins from carbohyd footsteps therefore glucose is an essential energy foundation for all living organisms. The oxygen released as a photosynthetic byproduct provides most of the atmospheric oxygen essential to respiration in plants and animals, and animals in turn produce carbon dioxide vital to plants (Lagass).The rate of photosynthesis in a plant whoremaster be determined by three external factors temperature, light intensity, and avai research lable carbon dioxide concentration. In any given situation any one of these may make up a restr icting factor if they are be crushed the best take incur (Alott and Mindorff). According to the concept of limiting factors, under any combination of light intensity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration, only one of the factors is essentially limiting the rate of photosynthesis. This is the factor that is farthest from its optimum. As the limiting factor is moved closer to its optimum, while keeping the early(a) factors constant, a point leave be reached where this factor is non the one that is furthest from the optimum any longer and some other starts acting as the limiting factor.An increase in the carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate at which carbon is incorporated into carbohydrate in the light-independent reaction, and so the rate of photosynthesis generally increases until limited by another factor. Increasing carbon dioxide concentration causes a rapid, significant increase in the rate of photosynthesis, which eventually plateaus when the optimal le vel is reached.E. canadensis is a submerse macrophyte, an aquatic plant immersed in water. It has bright green, translucent and oblong leaves which are borne in whorls of three round the stem (Rose and Reilly) (see fig. 1). It is easily available in aquarium shops or front-runner shops that have aquarium sections.Fig. 1 Elodia canadensis (Fischer).DesignII. Research QuestionHow do different concentrations of carbon dioxide (carbonic acid gas) ancestor affect the rate of photosynthesis in Elodea canadensis?III. HypothesisAs the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, the rate of photosynthesis will increase until a certain point where it reaches the optimal level and plateaus.IV. VariablesTable 1 Dependent VariableDependent VariablePhotosynthesis rateTable 2 Independent VariableTable 3 Controlled VariablesV. Apparatus25 samples of E. canadensis500 ml of pre prepared dilute sodium carbonate solutions with the following CO2 concentrations1%2.5%3%5%10%50 test renders ( employ as c ontainers to make a respirometer, not for mea authenticments)25 x 100 ml25 x 150 ml5 x three hundred ml beaker (used as containers, not for mea surelyments)30 cm ruler )Compact fluorescent lamp as light source100 ml graduated cylinder ( 0.5 ml)Stopwatch ( 0.01s)ScalpelsThermometer ( 0.01C)VI. Safety Aspects/Animal Welfare IssuesScalpels are sharp and should be used with caution. The glassware involved in the experimentation may lead to injuries if used without caution and broken. Use of liquids may also lead to some risks if spilled because the floor may become slippery. The lab did not lead to any animal welfare issues.VII. MethodLabel the five beakers with the following1% CO22.5% CO23% CO25% CO210% CO2Set up the light source. range the beakers in a spot that is 20 cm away from the light source.Place one E. canadensis sample into a 100 ml test thermionic valve and fill the test tube with 100 ml of the 1% CO2 dilute sodium carbonate solution. The tube should be fill as full as pos sible.Carefully invert a larger tube and place it over the smaller tube containing the sample plant and the 1% CO2 dilute sodium carbonate solution. driving force the smaller tube all the way into the larger tube using your finger or a pencil and then invert both tubes so that the opening of the larger tube is up. Be sure that the small tube is pushed to the top of the larger tube before inverting it (see fig. 2).Mark the water level on the test tube with a marker.Place this set up in the beaker which was previously labeled as 1% CO2.As soon as the set up is ready place it under the light source and start the stopwatch.With cartridge clip, the distance between the water level and the top of the test tube will increase because of photosynthetic activity, which will produce O2 gas. Photosynthetic activity by E. canadensis samples will cause the water to displace and increase the space at the top of the test tube. The volume of fluid displaced will liken the volume of the gas produc ed.Run the trial for and monitor it for 20 minutes.After every 2 minutes, period the test tube and measure how much of the dilute sodium carbonate solution has displaced with a ruler. distributively time after taking measurements, use a marker to mark the new liquid level for the future measurements you will make.Repeat steps 5 to 14 for 4 more times. At the end of this, there should be 5 trials done in total for the 1% CO2 dilute sodium carbonate concentration.Repeat steps 5 to 15 for the remaining 2.5%, 3%, 5% and 10% CO2 dilute sodium carbonate solutions. The process described in the previous steps should give 10 raw data points for each trial with a total of 250 data points.Record this data in a Raw Data table.All the lab work is completed for this experimentation. The lab and the apparatus can be cleaned if necessary.Data Collection and ProcessingFigure 3 Raw Data for Liquid Displacement over cadence in Different CO2 ConcentrationsFigure 4 polished Data with Means, Standard Deviations and Average RatesFigure 5 Processed Data Average Photosynthesis Rate in Different CO2 ConcentrationsConclusion and EvaluationEvaluationThe collection of data was an easy process. My results concern my predictions. But the uncertainties in the data, which I sh.ould have considered before processing the experiment, are preventing me from making seduce and toilsome statements. One uncertainty preventing me from making clear statements derived from this lab is the fact that I ran the trials for 20 minutes only. It was regrettably not possible to see any changes in such a short time with low concentrations such as 1% CO2 . If I had run the experiments for longer, I could have seen the photosynthesis rate arrival its limit and becoming constant, but because I ran it for a short time, I am not able to understand if, for example 0,3 mm/minutes is the maximum photosynthesis rate the plant Elodea can reach in 10% CO2 concentration. I needed to do it for a longer time to record it has reached a limit or not.Second thing I should have considered is the fact that although they belong to the said(prenominal) species, the plants used in the experiment were soothe not the same in terms of leaf sizes. If I could use the exact same plant in each tube (take Elodea from one tube and place it in other), results might have changed because plants might be doing photosynthesis at different rates. This is also something I should have searched before starting the experiment, while doing my background research so that I could be sure well-nigh it.If I was doing the same experiment again, I would avoid these uncertainties and that would help me make clear statements about my results saying that they match every prediction I made and are strong justifications. Right now, they still match some of my predictions. For example, the photosynthesis rate in 10% CO2 was 0.3 mm/minute while it was 0.2 mm/minute in 5% CO2. This shows that the rate of photosynthesis is greater when higher concentrations of CO2 are present. But like I have stated above, this can be caused by other factors such as the fight in plants or anything I have not considered. Therefore, I should have run more trials.ConclusionMy aim was to see the effects of CO2 concentration on photosynthesis and although I was not able to see them, I was able to make predictions about the effects. I have listed everything that has caused uncertainties in the experiment, and these uncertainties are unfortunately preventing me from making clear statements. If I could do this again, I would avoid all of these uncertainties. The results meet my predictions but one should not say that these results are clear and direct justifications of the background research. Some other factors were involved in the experiment, therefore I would not consider this experiment as successful, and I would do it again.BibliographyAlott, Andrew and David Mindorff. IB Biology Course Book 2014 variant Oxford IB Diploma Programm e. Oxford University Press, 2014.Lagass, Paul, ed. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 6th Edition. New York Columbia University Press, 2013.McGinley, Mark. Differences between aquatic and terrestrial environments . 5 February 2009. 1 March 2015 http//www.eoearth.org/view/article/151726/.Rose, Francis and Clare Reilly. The Wild Flower Key How to identify wild plants, trees and shrubs in Britain and Ireland. London Frederick Warne, 2006.