Economists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economists - Essay Example black cat was born in 1876 and authoritative his Business Administration degree and Ph. D in Yale University. As the professor of economics and mathematics at Yale University, Irving Fisher developed extensive concepts concerning money supply and price fluctuations using mathematical evidence (Allen, 1977). Fisher was among the most accurate and leading economists of the 20th century. He used his acquired knowledge and skills from Yale to observe and analyze dramatic and complex macroeconomic events during his era. Fisher also proposed appropriate solutions to the spectacular stamp that crippled the U.S economy and new(prenominal) aspects of life. The crash of the stock market in the U.S in 1929 and consequential falling of stocks and goods prices prompted Fisher to revise his economic theories on price fluctuations, debt and the depression caused by these factors (Mendoza, 2009). Fisher formulated a debt-deflation theory and named the financial cris is, the Great Depression, which is currently used to relate to the economic recession in the U.S.The debt-deflation theory indicates that consumers borrow money for enthronement on speculation and imagine bread, which leads to losses, debt, deflation and pessimism. Thesis Statement Irving Fisher has a significance impact on the prevailing U.S economy through his debt-deflation theory, which examines the causes of debt, the deflation and the solutions of the subsequent financial crisis in relation to the current U.S economic instability. logical implication of Irving Fishers Debt-deflation Theory Irving Fishers debt-deflation theory was essential in the Great Depression era and in current U.S economic crisis because it clearly explains the factors that cause the debt and the resultant ripple effect on the economy. The U.S economy is essential in the global market because it is the largest trading partner in the world, which means its financial crisis affects all other foreign econ omies. The following are causes of debt, stages of the financial crisis and proposed solutions as described and examined by Irving Fisher. a. Factors conduct to the Great Depression i. Immediate Causes of Debt During the Great Depression, the two chief causes of debt for U.S citizens were over-investment, over-speculation and over-confidence (Fisher, 1933). Citizens, private sectors and the government borrowed money from banks, the federal government and other private financial lending institutions to conduct investments that they believed would result to higher returns and revenues. Many organizations and citizens valued to invest borrowed money on new business ideas and receive abundant realises within a short time as compared to the ordinary investments that have moderate profits and interests. New inventions included expression industries, railway lines, develop new resources, open real estates and new markets (Fisher, 1933). Financial lenders provided easy money, which led to over-borrowing. more or less investors believe through speculation and over-confidence that they can borrow money at 6% and make profits of over 100% (Fisher, 1933). New industrial inventions and technology innovations prompted over-borrowing with the confidence of making a huge profit within a short period. Lucrative investment opportunities allowed people and organizations to have big debts. Major wars that the U.S initiated and

The Significance of Bacteria in the Ecology Research Paper

The substance of Bacteria in the Ecology - Research Paper ExampleThe cell membrane is composed of lipids (phospholipids ) much(prenominal) as cholesterol, proteins, and lipids or protein carbohydrates associations.The function of the cell membrane is to regulate the materials which enter and leaves the cell.In evolution, bacteria occupy produced nutrition for communities of living organisms through photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. Other signifi fagces both ecologic and evolutionary includes they are decomposers of ecosystems (they decay drained organisms to release elements needed by other living organisms), the metabolic processes of some bacteria produced the first type O gas in the atmosphere, they aid in atmospheric nitrogen fixation and also as ecological decomposers by cleaning environment and releasing elements needed by other organisms from dead decaying matter.In symbiosis, parasites endure nutrients and nourishment and harm their hosts, while they get nourishment an d nutrients and neither do they harm nor benefit their hosts. On the other hand, mutualists benefit their hosts.Sexual reproduction is advantageous in that it results in variation e.g offsprings of human can have traits from all the four grand parents. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, is advantageous because it results in the in production of great numbers of offsprings hence high survival chances of a given species.In mitosis process, champion nucleus divides into dickens identical nuclei while meiosis is the process by which one nucleus with two copies of each chromosome divides into four nuclei with one copy of each chromosome.

Pro-forma A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Pro-forma A - Essay ExampleIt has also followed conventions of point of purchase advancement used by its predecessors. Internet presence is relatively low-key, though consumer response to the brand on the medium has been unusu totallyy heavy.- expose message of promotionThe brand promises to transport women to a fantasy world of elegance and high technology. It takes the frame of a fragrance for the young woman (Thunder Perfect Mind, 2006). The brand promise goes well beyond the sensible attributes of the product, and focuses on intangible benefits. It connotes an exaggerated sense of power for liberated women, and takes a seemingly liberal keep an eye on on aspects of personal preferences. One of the distinguishing features of advertising for the perfume, unlike for other Prada product line of businesss, is that there is no tackle to show women in a seductive light for the apparent pleasure of men. This is a significant divagation for Prada, encouraging women to spend money on the perfume for their own pleasure, rather than to attract attention from the black eye sex. Prada Perfume promotion makes no effort to suggest that it is something for men to buy as a grant for women. The entire promotion seems designed to bring in a completely spick-and-span demographic element in to Pradas basket of existing customers. - Media chosenPrada has chosen film, print media and point of purchase promotion, with a modicum of clear presence as well. Store displays and sampling is aggressive at premium outlets, following conventions for this product category. - presume customer segmentPrada seems to have chosen young working women (The Prada Perfume Ad, 2006). Advertisements show women in a most glamorous but independent light, which shows synergy with the unusual pack design and product colorize as well. The style of advertising and the language and tone used in the cited advertisement and the company website, all show a focus for the mainstream white Caucasian market. The brand, as with other perfumes, is priced for women with considerable disposable income, as the unit purchase price is well over $50. - Assumed required Marketing outcome It is prevalent for perfumes to offer values far beyond their physical attributes, and Prada has copied this approach. The brand has a futuristic appeal for the modern woman (Prada Company Website, 2006). Prada has traditionally catered to an older segment of women than it appears to have selected for the perfume. Perfume itself is a new line for this fashion company with 19th century roots. The Marketing outcome seems to be for Prada to leverage its goodwill for new market segment entry. (Prada, 2006)Proforma BRequired Marketing OutcomeTo enable Prada to cater to a junior demographic group than its traditional base, with an entry in to a new product line, related to traditional textile and leather lines of fashion products. Secondly, the brand should make best use of the existing goodwill for the Pra da name. The promotion efforts should result in a significant market presence for the Prada brand in the perfume segment. in that respect is no access to actual sales and contribution targets set by Prada for the perfume, but it is safe to subscribe that the company would affect

Book report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Book report - Essay Example get into our inability to perform simple duties such as opening doors or switching on lights does non originate from us and we argon not incompetent further rather it is because the formula of the increase we are using does not meet human needs and also does not take into consideration principles of cognitive psychology. This book also indicates the need for developing good designs and illustrates simple steps that can be followed to accomplish this. It also highlights and discusses the situations that lead to forming of bad designs.Simple things that we use daily in our lives that are perceived to be very easy to use have now proved to be quite complicated as technology advances. An example that the power gives in the book is that of a door. The different designs that have been used in different types of modern day door have made it difficult for the author to use them. The difficulties that the author experience with the door have become popular ma king doors which often cause confusion to be referred to as Norman doors the authors name. Some designs require one to push or pull the door in a given direction while for others one needs to slide the door so as to be able to open it.The first chapter of the book influences designing positively. The author dialog of important but simple aspects of design that a designer needs always to put into consideration for his or her design to be effective. Designed products need to be very safe, efficient and should satisfy individuals when it comes to actual usage. The author talks about two crucial attributes of a good design. These are discoverability and understanding. The design made should enable the drug user to determine what actions are doable and where and how the user can carry them out that explains discoverability. In understanding, the user of the product should be capable of knowing what it is all about and how it is meant to be used. While designing their products designers should aim for not only beauty, but also utility,

Gender communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender communication - examine ExampleThis essay Gender communication outlines the roles that sexs atomic number 18 charged with in the society. The concept of gender is a fluid construct. This is because the environment one lives in, and gener totallyy the society determines a someones gender. The society has observe up with two distinct gender types. These include the masculine gender and the maidenly gender. Masculinity and femininity brace characteristics, which vary. The feminine gender is considered quiet, timid, nurturing, and fragile. On the opposite hand, the masculine gender is considered aggressive, strong, brave, and noisy. However, these traits vary across divergent societies. Although these traits are attached to the antithetic genders, no man or woman is born with them instead, one acquires them in their own society through the process of socialization. Different communities in the world are different and have varying cultures. Therefore, the aspect of gend er overly varies among different communities. This therefore, makes gender to be a social or cultural construct, since it is the community, which determines it.In society, the different genders are charged with different roles, and are expected to fulfil different expectations by the society. Failure to adhere to the prescribed gender roles is regarded deviant behaviour in the society. Therefore, the psychological girls in society, who act in a masculine manner and the psychological boys acting in a feminine manner, are sanctioned for failing to act within the boundaries of their respective gender. Different communities entrust sanction those sight crossing their gender lines in different ways. Since this is the case, the individuals who are intersexed will therefore, struggle with the issue of gender identity, since it is arduous for them to determine their gender identity, considering their biological set up. As a female, in my society, I belong to the feminine gender. I am th erefore, expected to act in a feminine manner, and not in a masculine manner. I realize that this social construction of gender begins early in a persons life. When babies are born, there is already a designated type of colour for them, depending on their gender. For instance, the girls, because they are feminine, will be attired in pink clothes, while boys, by virtue of being masculine, are dressed in blue clothes. This is because my society has made people believe that girls should wear bright colours. When I was a little girl, I remember wearing all the bright colours, including pink, yellow, red, and orange, among others. This continues to persist, as today, most men are rarely seen wearing bright colours. Men wear dark and neutral colours, while women wear all the colours, especially the bright ones (Mooney, Knox and Schacht 18). As a feminine gender, the society expects that I be a nurturing person. This also starts when a girl is in her early years. The grade of toys my par ents bought me and my brothers reflect this aspect of nurturing and femininity. While my brothers and other boys were bought for mould toys, the other girls and I were brought dolls, which we assumed were our babies. Boys would get rowdy and aggressive playing with their gun toys, car toys, and other machine toys, while we the girls were busy role-playing our mums, taking care of babies and feeding them. Although this aspect begins at a entreat age, it has a big impact on the latter life of the girls and boys. For instance, today, this kind of social construction of gender has proved to be problematic as far as careers are concerned. When girls are limited to the kind of toys they should play with when young, this might lock out many opportunities for her in future. It becomes hard for them to develop other interests, asunder from nurturing. Today, fields such as computing and engineering, among other technical fields, record the lowest number of females. This is plausibly becau se these women were denied the chance to play with machine toys while young, thereby, limiting their interests in life. On the other hand, the field of care for registers the least number of males. Nursing

Marketing Strategies of Coca-Cola Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Marketing Strategies of Coca-Cola - Case Study ExampleProfessor Yvonne Mc Laughhlin has done well to focus attention on the various global companies with primary attention on Coca-Cola ships company and its global competitors, as there is a dearth of books on solicitude for developing countries. With her go of expertise in the academic discipline and her practical work experience, Prof. Yvonne Mc Laughhlin is well equipped to preserve this book on global marketing.Due to the lack of sound management books at the graduate and postgraduate levels, this book would feel an important void. The other books written by this author and published by pedigree Information Books ar logical argument Studies (1998), Relationship Management of Toyota (2006). In addition to these, the author is a regular writer in business magazines and times now. His recent published article on TATAs Global Acquisition in Business Today, of Jan 2008, has revealed TATAS insight views of management and future expansions plan.Marketing variables play an important part in the intromission and exposure to the drive population. Age and geographic variables are also important factors. It is important for the Coca-Cola Company to tar shake up new segments in order to remain at the cutting edge. In order to remain combative in the market it is important to present timely and effective information for the target population. The creation of a proper Marketing Information System and its updation on regular basis is very important for the Company to not only keep its presence felt but also to increase traffic. A measurement by step marketing plan should be undertaken in order to achieve the desired result. The management should undertake an annual evaluation of the plans and goals designed to achieve. This will help the company to correct its action towards the advanced direction. Continuous updation and promotion will make it possible to achieve its goals in future.Research ObjectivesTo under stand the enormousness of the strategic model for effective management that integrates strategic techniques in decision qualification.To understand the decision making process, and the use of strategic business techniques in the geological formation.To understand the involvement of various aspects of these tools and their effectiveness in an organization. To get an understanding and critical evaluation of a company to get an insight how effectively the business techniques are implemented. Layout of the bookChapter 1 Introductory background of the main theme of the book, the core research problems and aims and objective for this dissertation.Chapter 2 Reviews the main literature and theories in relation to the market forces, environmental analysis and competitive advantage of the organization in particular the pharmaceutical market.Chapter 3

Innovation and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Innovation and Change - Essay ExampleLegitimate conceptions are not constantly the commercialisation of a significant advance in product concept, but can be the plow of making enhancements to an existing product. Beacham (2006, p.9) reinforces that innovation is the successful exploitation of sunrise(prenominal) ideas, meaning that specific melodic phrase processes or management ideology can be representative of legitimate innovation which radically or incrementally castrate the methodology by which a business improves itself. The end result of innovation as a new idea, rather than a radically exclusive and exceptional product development, is being able to differentiate the advanced(a) firm from its competitor base. For the sake of argument, it should then be recognised that genuine innovations involve making non-replicable changes to business strategy, service delivery processes, internal cultural dynamics both professional and social, improving functionality through compute r software technology implementation, or blending existing technologies to create greater value for the firm in a way that has not been conceived of by rival firms. When attempting to determine whether SMEs are better able to innovate than large organisations, it is necessary to clearly define the concept of what actually constitutes an innovation. An initial assessment of innovation, using the premise that a legitimate innovation is solely related to radical product development, would seem to point toward a bigger organisation being more equipped to provide innovation than their smaller business counterparts due to racy capital availability, more labour and divisional support, and more refined manufacturing capacity. Taking into consideration the tangible translation of innovation, involving a variety of conceptions not always related to product, it is actually much more realistic to conceptualize that the SME is much better equipped to provide innovation than the larger corpo ration. This essay describes the characteristics of the SME that actually make innovation more easily achievable than larger businesses, including an emphasis on leadership, cultural development, the political hierarchy, the nature of SME police squad functioning, organisational structure and managerial prowess in understanding the relationships between inputs and outputs that assist in sustaining the small to fair enterprise. The political hierarchy and business culture In order to successfully innovate, it is necessary to transform implicit knowledge into explicit knowledge within an open culture environment. Tacit knowledge is highly specialised, consisting of nearise that is not easily translatable and transferrable to individuals within the organisation that do not maintain confusable expertise. Explicit knowledge is generally defined as documented, easy-to-transfer information such as journals, drawings, schematics and internal procedures that is genial and understood b y all organisational members (Fodor 1968). In the large organisation, especially a multi-national company which maintains a high volume of inter-dependent business divisions, including procurement, research and development, sales and marketing, human resources, and manufacturing, each business unit/division maintains expert (tacit) knowledge labourers. Within the large corporation, it is uncommon for individuals that have been hired for their specific skills and capabilities to be cross-trained under a job rotation

Stalins Leadership in World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Stalins Leadership in World War II - Essay spokespersonThe second half of the 1930s saw the continuous campaign launched by Stalin to eliminate all those whom had - or at least were suspected to have - reservations about the political regime. The campaign that would become known as the Great Purge touched off immediately assassination of Sergey Kirov, a highly popular fragment of the Communist Party. Stalin responded to the assassination with a series of fierce actions. Mere distrust of Stalin or his confidants or anonymous information was used to send the suspect to the squeeze-labor camps or execute. The Soviet political militia, also known as NKVD, was nominaten practically unrestricted powers, and during only two years from 1937 to 1938, the NKVD led by Nikolay Yezhov executed virtually 1 million of Soviet citizens with another 2 million were sent to the camps and eventually died (Ellman 2002).Several manufacture trials that took place between 1936 and 1938 led to eliminat ion of thousands of once prominent, influential and highly experienced leaders. The list of victims include such outstanding figures as Zinovyev, Bukharin, and Rykov whom were executed on concocted charges of conspiring with Germany and Japan. Another process held in 1937 resulted in close to entire elimination of the militarys top-ranking commanders such as Marshal Tukhachevsky according to the estimates approximately 50 percent of the sr. officers had been dismissed (partially executed, partially sent to the camps) before the beginning of the Second World War (Conquest 1990). Evidently, such actions of Stalin who killed or sent to the camps the most experienced and talented managers could hardly be addressed as prudent in the face of inevitable war with Germany. Although Stalins awareness of the inevitability of the war is subject for intensive debates (Rapoport & Alexeev 1985), it is difficult to hypothesize that a politician of Stalins rank and experience could fail to notice the apparent tendency. Even the possibility that Stalin could beget the mistake assessing the beginning of war hardly justified such devastating clean-up among the militaries, officials, and political elite of the Soviet Union. Furthermore, a series of conflicts initiated by Stalin in 1939 (Finland) and 1940 (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Romania) clearly demonstrated that the Soviets were confidents of their military power. Ironically, what might be and in all probability had to be perceived as imprudence by the absolute majority of Stalins contemporaries only adds validity to the claims of those whom give credence to his personal leadership during the World War praising Stalin as the leader and tactician of the highest order. The fact is that in absence of other leaders of note whom had been dismissed, imprisoned or executed during the Great Purge Stalin was forced to make decisions almost solely on his own even those innumerous specialists whom successfully made it by dint of the terror of 1937-1938 had the illustrative example of what Stalin did to

Migration in United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Migration in United country - Essay ExampleHowever, initiation try oners cannot be mistaken for refugees. In the year 2002, it was found that from 84, 130 applications 10 sh be were refugees, 24 percent were granted exceptional level and the remaining amount were refused both.( McConnachie 2005)This paper would seek to analyze the role of the immigration policies in regard to the asylum seekers. At present, the United Kingdom is face up a major crisis in regard to extrajudicial immigration. In fact, from the year 19991 to the year 2001 alone, immigration make up more than half of Britains population growth. An institute for Public Policy Research study of the 2001 census calculated a 2.2 m rise, including 1.14 m born abroad.Westminster is recognized as the official law reservation authority regarding matters such as immigration and asylum issues in regard to Britain and those that happen outside the European Union enabling control and allowing control over the borders.The Unit ed Kingdom provides an automatic right to asylum as it has signed the UN convention. A lengthy legal process has to be initiated in order for the aspiration of the status of application. However in order to ensure that the process becomes more simpler and allows the honest applicant s to actually gain the right to nominate the status of asylum seeking, this automatic right has to be waived or done away with. An important distinction as to be made between asylum seekers and refugees- Refugees be those people who have be granted this special status by the country in which they have sought asylum. The current population in the United Kingdom alone of refugees is about 2 percent of the total world refugees. These people have UN traveling documents and have the same basic rights as the U.K. citizens in terms of traveling and the basic service. Hence, it is quite difficult to figure out exactly how many argon at present in the U.K. Another type of immigrants are illegal immigrants who at presently are some(prenominal) thousands according to a survey by carried out recently. These people are those who are active in the unregulated economy of U.K. Besides encouraging the international human traffickers and smugglers, it is resulting in pushing scratch off the lower skilled jobs wags due to an excess supply. Hence, creating cultural cases as the British feel that their jobs are macrocosm threatened by the influx of these illegal immigrants. An Act the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 regulates the ways of tackling these illegal immigrants. Those employers who would hire these people would be severely fined and a smart card provision is being considered in order to remove the chances of illegal immigrants being allowed to work. However, whether this has been a successful policy can be seen from the itemize of cases which are reported daily as deported ones. U.K. needs to review its current policy and make it oftentimes more stringent in order to mak e it so unfavorable that no immigrant would consider U.K. a safe haven.While it has been generally notified that asylum seekers are those people who are victims of crime and injustice-however, in several cases that has not been the case. There are many people who come to U.K. illegally, seek work in the unregulated circles and when are discovered, claim to be asylum seekers. Others are those

Evaluate the Financial Performance of a Business Assignment

Evaluate the Financial Performance of a Business - Assignment ExampleBalance sheet In behave recital and Cash bleed avowal. These argon the sanctioned statements normally ready by profit-oriented corporations. These statements help in knowing the profitability and financial soundness of the pedigree concern. These are prepared at the end of a given period of time. Financial statements are utilize as an important tool to communicate the financial information to parties outside the organization (such as investors, creditors, and opposite external decisions makers). The Balance Sheet The purpose of preparing balance sheet is to report the financial position (amount of assets, liabilities, and dealholders equity) of a firm during a particular period of time. A balance sheet contains complete information astir(predicate) assets, liabilities, and shareholders equity of the union. Assets Assets are things which have economic value and that which are owned by the company. It inclu de conspicuous asset, such as plants, trucks, equipment, and inventory. It also includes intangible asset, such as trademarks and patents. Cash itself is an asset. Tangible asset great deal be divided into two, Current asset and fixed asset. Current asset represent the companys liquidity. This is where companies list all of the stuff which can be converted into cash in a minuscule period of time, usually a year or less (Kennon 2012). Fixed asset is an asset held with the purport of being used for the purpose of producing or providing goods or services, and it is not spurioust for sale in the normal hang of business (Accounting for Fixed Assets n.d). Liabilities Liabilities include all kind of obligation that a company have. The term liabilities mean the amount of money that a company owes to others. Shareholders equity It is also called capital or net worth. The succeeding(a) formula summarizes what a balance sheet shows ASSETS = LIABILITIES + SHAREHOLDERSEQUITY Income Statem ents Income statement is a statement which shows the revenue that earned by the company during a specific period of time (usually for a year or some mickle of a year Income statement also shows the expenses, and the cost associated with the earning of revenue. Income statement also gives information regarding how much the company earned or lost over a period of time. This statement helps to calculate earnings per share (EPS), and it also tells how much money shareholders would get, if the company decides to distribute the whole earnings of the company. Income statement can be also called the statement of operation, or statement of earnings. Statements of Cash Flow A cash flow statement is a statement that contains a detailed report regarding the companys inflows and outflows of cash. Cash flow statement is helpful in knowing the net increase or decrease in cash for the period. It is prepared by using the information and reports in the companys balance sheet and income statement. Ca sh flow statement is helpful in recognizing the, changes in cash balance(increase or decrease) sources of cash uses of cash There are three parts included in the cash flow statement. They are (1)operating activities (2)investing activities and (3) financial support activities. 2. Compare appropriate formats of financial statements for different types of business The financial statements explain from where a companys funds come from, where it goes and where it is at present. Owners and CEOs use these statements to manage a business, bankers to check its creditworthiness, and investors to

Secure Computer System - Case Studies Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Secure Computer System - Studies - fortune train ExampleFire determineion is very crucial therefore fire detection appliances should detect the smallest indication of fire through sparks and temperature rise. Fire suppression equipment need to be installed and should suppress the fire without disconfirming the server equipment. Water sprinklers be the most common fire suppression equipment. It would be better to manage other options like the use of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers (Nash, 1997, pg 23). Heating, ventilating and air conditioning as well as climate control equipment should be kept separate from the rest of the room to avoid damaging the mesh topology equipment. I would not place the ventilation equipment overhead because it would risk the server. The switch for the equipment would be placed intimate the room to prevent accidental switching.Proper power at the right quality should be adjust through the use of power protection equipment. By use of reliable power supply and heft up protection equipment, the power will be kept at the desired quality. Power should be prophylactic and reliable and should not fluctuate often. The space for the equipment should be adequate enough to allow for future expansion. ... Considerations for put additional components and intrusion detection and prevention system should be taken into consideration (Shirley, 2008, pg 34).Case Study Pg.432Case exerciseQuestion 1 page 432Based on the case study, what protective covering sensory faculty and prep ar posters had an impact in this incident.Pg.432 Question 1In Amys incident, the following security awareness posters and training documents may have contributed to it posters requiring the immediate reporting of security problems, posters and documents requiring the practice of healthy computer security. Information and security tips on posters and documents. Company security policy documents also contributed to this incident.The following topics may also have c ontributed to the incident, these arePassword usage and management this includes creation of passwords, frequency of changing the password and methods used in protection. trade protection training plays a pivotal and important role in preventing attacks on computer system by viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and other malicious code (Richardson, 2005, pg 2). More information that is needed in order to stir information security is the creation of a policy poster indicatingimplications of noncompliance to information security implications of receiving unfamiliar e-mail/attachments implications of people browsing certain prohibited websites during working hoursthose allowed to use the web services and those who are prohibited and also stipulating penalties for those found breaching these rules and regulationsData storage and backup data storage systems maybe change or decentralized. This information is placed on not only posters but also on, newsletters,

Nursing Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Nursing Theory - strain ExampleTautology looks into the useless repetition of a concept in different parts of the guess that can confuse the explanation of the theory vague and can confuse the reader. While, teleology is examined by considering the extent to which consequences and causes argon put different in a theory. Teleology happens when a theorist describes ideas by consequences and then initiates new ideas or else of getting the definitions of the original ideas. As this procedure continues, the theory remains vague for there is no guileless definition of the theorys ideas (Peterson & Bredow, 2009). Moreover, diagrams are important to see the interrelationship of the ideas practically to each different before conducting research. They are essential in reviewing the strength of statistical associations between the theories ideas (p. 55).In conclusion, theory training and critique are important because they result to theories that are adequate, clear, and address the compl exity and consistency of theories. Theories that are produced afterwards the process are precise, definitive parameters and have clear boundaries of the subject matter. Theories provide nurses with the required basis to structure and enlighten healthcare and improve the quality of care at all professional

The influnce of Socrates and Plato on ancient philosophy and modern Essay

The influnce of Socrates and Plato on ancient ism and modern western philosophical system - Essay ExampleNonetheless, Socrates was a well-known and contentious personality in ancient Greece. Socrates was a philosopher of ancient Greece who is acknowledged for establishing the basics of modern westbound philosophy. Socrates has had a vast model on ancient Greek or, generally, on Western philosophy, together with apprentices Plato and Aristotle. Even though most of the settle of Socrates is in the field of ethics, his contribution to the discipline of logic and epistemology is notable as well. On the other hand, the contributions of Plato to Western philosophy, such as his most celebrated masterpiece, the Republic, are widely considered as presenting the personal philosophy of Plato, where the chief(a) character effectively represents Plato himself. His contributions merge metaphysics, epistemology, political philosophy, ethics, and moral psychology into a methodical and unified philosophy (Tejera, 1997). This broody piece willing discuss the contributions to and influences of Socrates and Plato on their own societies and how they perceive and challenge their social realities. This reflective piece will also include the influences of Classical philosophy, specifically of Socrates and Plato, on contemporary philosophy. This reflection will be based on the two videos entitled Ancient Greece Socrates and Plato and Great Books Platos Republic. ... The Greeks exercised their tricky potentials to enlighten experience by resorting to architecture, comedy, history, art, and tragedy. However, their artistic potentials were also exercised to create philosophy, named the love of wisdom (Tejera, 1997). Philosophy, on the whole, emerged when the Greeks effected their discontentment with legendary and mystical accounts of reality. Eventually, Greek philosophers started to think that there was a coherent, rational, or valid put up to the universe. Socrates, the most brilliant and righteous citizen of capital of Greece to have ever existed, came out among the Sophists what can be veritable about the life and actual influence of Socrates to his party was that he was noteworthy for being a sustentation example of his own teachings. Asking for no payment, Socrates began and ruled a debate wherever the bright and girlish would pay attention, and people sought his counsel on issues of educational dilemmas and practical behavior. The young people of Athens gathered to beside him as he traveled the directions of the agora (Taylor, 2000). These Athenian youths adhered to his every teachings and ideals. The influence of Socrates on his society is immeasurable. Plato revered his mentor and was the main biographer of Socratess life and influence. The influence of Socrates is evidently proven by the concomitant that academics are predisposed to separate Greek philosophy into the Pre-Socratic era and the period after Socrates. Socrates looks for the abs olute, perpetual, permanent righteousness or reality underneath the obvious ironies. The main transformation Socrates set off was the shift of idiom from nature to human essence. The exploration of Socrates for the ultimate

Long-Term Investment Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Long-Term investment Decision - Essay ExampleThe following sections provide an outline of ways to meets the monetary value problem and former(a) issues such as, government intervention in the industry.Price elastic bandity of demand assesses sensitivity of quantity demanded with follow to change in price. Price elasticity is being considered in decision-making process of the company because with rise in price of food ingredients (raw material), it is naturally assumed that price of the final product will also increase. In this situation, managers need to analyze the impact of price change on product demand. The demand can be either elastic or dead. Elastic demand will alter with the price change, while inelastic demand tends to be static with price change. The demand of necessity product is usually inelastic in nature (Fibich, Gavious & Lowengart, 2005). For example, if the company is operating in a location where individuals are extremely busy, have no time to cook at home and a re highly healthy conscious, then demand of the products of fittingness Food will be inelastic, unless the price change is unreasonably high. On the contrary, areas where fresh food is slow available and individuals have access to home-made food and fresh fruits, the demand will be negatively elastic in case of price change (Senauer, 2001).Keeping in view the problem that management is facing, diligence of a customized pricing strategy is essential to resolve problems related to price elasticity. Optimal pricing insurance is otherwise known as perfect price discrimination implementation of this policy would mean that fittingness Food will have to segment its consumer market in different groups and have to research the pith that consumers are willing to pay for packaged food. The company has to determine optimal price and volume, which is also referred as the price and volume of the product that will maximize its profit. Fitness Food has to determine preference of its consumers and their price sensitiveness with the help of distributors and

CRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

CRM - Essay ExampleGlobally, there is only one(a) volume-buying program and it ensures equity among all members since they all adhere to similar rules. Customers accumulate points as they continue purchasing over a period of eight quarters, where the management runs a quarterly roll off. It is essential to get to that each new client in the entire world is given a two one hundred and fifty entry threshold points on enrolling. Discounts are available for all enrolled individuals as long as they own a license.It is incredibly simple joining the volume purchase program since their online tools offer these operate and other activities such as membership look-ups, points configuration and points portal. The only requirement needed to sign up in this program is to become a VMware customer. Purchasing from their outlets ensures that a customer either receives an addition of points or gets discounts. Those eligible for discounts are the ones purchasing license products whereas, purchasin g both SnS products and licensed products earn a customer

Unemployment and Poverty in Interwar Britain Essay Example for Free

Unemployment and Poverty in Interwar Britain EssayTo interpret the interwar days of the British took a lot of different views according to the statuesque of one person in the comparison. It is precisely depending on topics, to some extent of interest. Perhaps in focus of economic depression of the interwar brought the period of pip turning point in Welsh history, at which it is the region of Britain that experience the height levels of levels of unemployment and greatest percent shape up point of poverty. The wars brought a great impact to the nation status like economic and political condition. During war sentence people suffers a lot of agony. Many people like for example, the Liverpool dockworker, authors, political active like George garret and George Orwell, the historians shared opinions of the existing war of British, Orwell vision is symbolic of traditional view of British society mingled with the wars (Orwell, George, Boston, 2000.1). With these Orwells vision, many argued and did not agree. This is the reason why must Historians never content with traditional views. Historians reading of interwar Britain have not, therefore, completely changed views of this period but it gave them a more complex and realistic understanding through. That is why historian sees that Orwell is only one sided and did not tell the whole truth. Historians tried to see the contradiction of the age with poverty and affluence, underemployment but also new expanding industries (www.groupstudystop.co.uk). I think the reason why Liverpool dockworker, writer, and political active did not like George Orwells book since it is biased. He does not grass the received scenery of what was the true picture of the conditions during those interwar days. Noting in the past of the dockworker who suffered from under schooled, under housed, under paid, under cared for an almost respects and with no reasonable hope of betterment, from an Old Etopian (www.Historystripstop.co.uk) , the most rich and powerful at that time. On the part of writer they do analyze and make assumptions that there is no doubt why poverty still exists at that time. These were the pessimistic accounts among literally men social investigator somewhat like a political activist like George Garret and John Lehman. Looking back history, during the time at which at first glisten look at England those days where peace still exist, it is unusual of foreign people to see position people in existence to the country. It is also said that the accent referred by Americans as the English accentuate, is not common to almost all people at that time. Even movies and another(prenominal) advertisement dealt with hateful or friendly, nearly all generalizations made about England during that based on the property owning class. It was most overpowered by people who have had a great and big investment.The truth is that people was ruin by other people who just came bringing wealth just to ruin the coun try. In fact, the book wrote by George Orwell doesnt reveal the fact about England those days. Actually the book titled The Road of Wigan Pier does not reveal much about the actual situation of the society those days. Its is said that It is worth trying for a effect to put oneself in the position of foreign observer, new England , but unprejudiced, and able because of his work, to keep in collar with ordinary people , useful unspectacular people( Orwell, George. 2000. Pp. 1.) Garret mean to what he says, That it( The Road of Wigan Pier)appears to be left book since it is just nothing to revealed the fact of what is really happening. It does not give factual nurture but just hide the things going wrong on the matter. Garret judge the book as junk one.ReferencesOrwell, George. The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell. Vol. 3. Boston. 2000. Page 1.www.countrybookshop.co.uk.www.groupstudystop.co.uk

Contributions of Modern Technology by David Ingram Essay Example for Free

Contributions of Modern Technology by David Ingram EssayModern technology has given slim businesses an unprecedented ability to communicate with their target markets, do a dramatic evolution in the way marketers craft advertising strategies. Unlike the shotgun-scatter technique of yesterdays concourse media outlets, new advertising channels created by cutting edge technology allow companies to target small groups and individuals with personalized advertising messages, while collecting feedback and measuring responses on the fly.Research ToolsModern technology greatly enhances advertisers ability to perform market research and testing when developing ads. Extensive collections of consumer data hind end be obtained online, and the results of feedback and opinions can be analyzed instantly with computers. Virtual focus groups can bring together population on opposite sides of the world to view and provide feedback on advertisements, and opinion leaders can be engaged via onlin e surveys that expose the viewer to a proposed ad while soliciting feedback. Development tools for internet advertisements has have change dramatically over the past 20 years. While the static, logo-driven banner ads of the 1990s were sound themselves, todays ads feature video, invigoration and even viewer interactivity.Development ToolsModern technology allows advertisers to create more(prenominal) effective and impressive ads for television, print, wireless and the Web. Modern video editing equipment can be used to create ads with a wow constituentsome amour that catches viewers attention and keeps them glued to the screen. Enhancements in computer animation allow advertisers to create lifelike settings, characters and feat that could never be achieved only 40 years ago. Special effects also allows ads to fully supplement the marketing appeal of popular movies and television shows, making the obvious product appeal the only thing that differentiates the ad from the movie or show. With a range of powerful tools at their disposal, advertisers can create visual messages that appeal more personally to specific consumer groups.Social NetworksSocial networks are proving to be an invaluable choice for small businesses and bootstrap marketers. Social networks, besides allowing advertisers to engage consumers in research and testing, they also come toer a powerful and free distribution system. Distributing interesting, memorable ads via a social network can set off a chain reaction in which individual viewers spread the advertising message in a personal way, to millions of viewers, at no cost to the advertiser. meshing AdvertisingThe Internet has wrought carnage on the effectiveness of traditional advertising outlets while simultaneously creating interesting new avenues for marketers to reach consumers. Internet banner ads can be strategically placed on websites that target specific consumer groups much more effectively than mass media. Television-style ad s can be placed on Internet videos, such as news clips. Free web-based games can be developed to provide an interactive experience while exposing players to advertising messages. Ads, feature with promotions, can be sent to individuals via email campaigns.EndorsementsPaid endorsements of sports celebrities and events have become exponentially more effective due to the reach of radio, television and the Internet. Endorsements that traditionally exposed several hundred spectators to an advertising message can reach millions through national broadcasts and Internet exposure.

Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Management Essay1)Given Bandag Autos size, and boththing else you spang slightly it, explain why and how the military man alternative management function should be reorganized. Because of the lack of any kind of plan or strategy for the caller-out, having a functioning human resource management in place is vital. First of all management formulates a strategic plan. The strategic plan implies certain hands requirements.Given these workforce requirements, human resource management formulates HR strategies to produce the desired workforce skills, competencies, and behaviors. at long last the human resource manager identifies the measure he or she can use to gauge the purpose to which its new policies and practices are actually producing the required employee skills and behavior. There should be a strategy affair in place which shows the big picture of how each departments performance contributes to the social clubs overall strategic goals.The HR score card is employ by many employers to quantify and render the maps activities. The score card refers to a process for assigning financial and nonfinancial goals or metries to the human resource management-related chain of activities required for achieving the companys strategic aims and for monitoring results. The computerized scorecard process helps to quantify the relationships amid the HR activities, the resulting employee behaviors and the resulting firm-wide strategic outcomes and performance. All of this presents the manager with a digital dash board which are computerized graphs and charts of where the company stands on all the metries from the HR scorecard. 2)Recommend what Bandag should change and/or improve upon regarding the current HR systems, forms, and practices the company directly uses.They should put their HR system under one management source in order to acheire a desired workforce. This would be achieved by having (a) set policies and practices Human resources polic ies are vital to any organization because they earmark structure for the human resources department and guidelines for usance activities. Without human resources policies, it would be extremely difficult to justify employment or business decisions. Human resources leadership is initially responsible for creating the policies. Human resources practices are the method used to stand any type of employment action. The human resources department develops the introduction to the set of policies and guidelines and explains the importance of the policies.Policies about performance appraisals, fair employment practices, appearance and behavior are just a few of the several(prenominal) policies contained in an employee handbook.The handbook is distributed to new employees on the first day of work and is typically discussed during informal or formal orientation sessions. Employers expect employees to fully understand the policies a signed form to acknowledge the employee has accredited and understands the employment policies is contained in the employees personnel file. Without the support of its executive leadership team to which the human resources director should run low the human resources policies will either fail or the workforce will be resentful of the human resources department as a whole.Without policies, an employee has no way of knowing whats expected of her. Without policies, whenever a manager ineluctably to correct the employees behavior or performance, neither the manager nor the employee have any guidelines to follow. This makes it extremely difficult to conduct any type of manager-employee discussion. In short, the lack of human resources policies weakens the employer-employee relationship which can prevent your business from creation successful.(b) recruiting and screening Recruitment refers to the process of attracting, screening, and selecting qualified people for a job.For some components of the recruitment process, mid- and large-size orga nizations often give professional recruiters or outsource some of the process to recruitment agencies. The recruitment industry has four master(prenominal) types of agencies employment agencies, recruitment websites and job search engines, headhunters for executive and professional recruitment, and niche agencies which specialize in a particular area of staffing. Some organizations use employer branding strategy and in-house recruitment instead of agencies.Recruitment-related functions are loosely carried out by an organizations human resources staff.The stages in recruitment include sourcing candidates by advertising or some otherwise methods, screening potential candidates using tests and/or inter examine ins, selecting candidates based the the results of the tests and/or interviews, and on-boarding to ensure the candidate is qualified to sate their new role effectively.. One meaning of screening is the investigation of a great number of something (for instance, people) sm ell for those with a particular problem or feature. ( c) benefit plans and payroll,There were three plan features I thought were button to become increasingly more prevalent in the future individually managed accounts, distribution planning help, and great integration of payroll and 401(k) administration. and (d) application forms and performance evaluation forms.This would eliminate all the different channels that everything goes finished and make it much simpler and easir to keep a handle on .Because every =thing would one learnable source. 3)Jim fired an employee for creating what the manager called a poisonous relationship. Explain whether or not the employee has a legitimate deed of conveyance against the company and the actions the company should take. The employee could have a legitimate claim because on his performance appraisal it was give tongue to that he did the technical aspects of his job well. Even though it was said he had serious problems interacting with his coworkers his boss admitted earshot rumors that he might have some mental issues. So under the new ADA laws he could possibly have a claim against the company due to mental disability. The actions the company should take from my view would be to have in place a working HR system to be able to handle this type of situation.Then there would be no guess work into how to proceed. My thoughts are that they whitethorn well have to take this employee back and attempt to make reasonable accommodations for him if possible in consistency with the new ADA guidelines or risk possibly universe sued. 4) Miriam, the controller, is basically claiming that the company is retaliating against her for being pregnant, and that the concomitant that the company raised performance issues was just a smokescreen. Explain whether or not the EEOC and/or courts would agree with her and the actions the company should take now. I think that EEOC and or courts might agree with her because the company had no pr oblems with her for the 6 years previously.The issues the company rasied especially in regard to her monthly budgets being late and possibly being forged should have shown up in her performance appraisal and dealt with before now .The actions the company should take now is to have a viable HR syatem in place to be able to vacate such situations like this from happening in the first place. Because they would have known all the specific facts of the Pregancy contrast Act of 1978 and been better able to remedy the situation possible without a lawsuit. 5)An employee who is deaf has asked to switch jobs to be a delivery person and he was turned down.He is now threatening to sue. Recommend what the company should do and describe why. The company should allow the employee to switch because under the American Disabilities Act it prohibits employment unlikeness against Qualified disabled individuals. It prohibits employers with 15 or more workers from discriminating against qualified indi viduals with disabilities with regard to applications, hiring, discharge, compensation, advancement, training, or other terms, conditions, or privileges of employment.It also says employers must make reasonable accommodations for physical or mental limitations unless doing so imposes an unjustifiable hardship on the qualifying job skill he should be able to switch and accustomed reasonable accommodation in the form of modified work schedules, acquiring equipment or other devices to attention Kim.

Why Are Some People Socially Excluded Essay Example for Free

Why Are Some pack Socially Excluded EssayWhy be some people socially excluded? Are they excluded by guild or their own behaviour?In this essay I will aim to discuss why some people are socially excluded and whether their social ejection is as a result of several(prenominal) behaviour or a consequence of the forces of society that are ultimately beyond the control of the individual. there is more difficulty when trying to understand as well as explain the term/ psyche that is Social extrusion, as writers/institutions ware varying degrees (and at times conflicting ideas) of what social exclusion is, who it includes or rather excludes and why some people become socially excluded from the wider society, whether it be through levels of human agency, the bear upon of institutions and or changes in legislation. Barry (2002) SOCIAL EXCLUSION as working definition is comparatively agree as Individual that are unable to participate or have full involvement in underlying activi ties of the societies in which they belong or are a part of. Legrand, Piachaud, Burckhardt (2002).There can be a multitude of differing factors involved leading to an individual or group being excluded from society, however there are m whatever depict social problems that have a direct impact on how social exclusion is affected by a large majority individuals/groups. A good subject of a key issue is Inequality. Giddens (2006). Inequality affects individuals, in short, by way of differences ,such as Income, Health, Education, Housing, Disability, Race and Ethnicity, Gender (and roles), Age Etc Fulcher and Scott (2011). Which fundamentally in itself (though interrelated), socially excludes/ isolates these groups from one another Le horrible et al (2002). Now although, social forcing out is not restricted to the confines of any one particular Sub -issue mentioned (though encapsulates them all to some degree), it would be a modest assertion to agree that any individual/group affecte d by any of these inequalities will undoubtedly be socially excluded of full involvement from key activities of the wider society Le Grand et al (2002). An example of this exclusion could be a person/ group that lived on a deteriorating council kingdom with low achieving schools and minimal engagement opportunities within that their area, could potentially be less able to participate in activities which would achieve self betterment Giddens (2006) , say that of an individual/group living in a in which they own, inan area with reputable schools and jobs are aplenty.This highlights Social exclusion for the former in terms of housing, education, employment as well as income. Though there are numerous examples of how inequality can have a huge impact on individuals/groups being socially excluded through decision(s) made by forces beyond their control, this in itself can only account for a particular group experiencing Social exclusion and gives no justification for the wider society a nd how other individual/groups experience social exclusion. Fulcher and Scott(2011). So when considering the many dimensions of Social elision as a concept of someone or something being excluded . it raises the question of personal responsibility own(prenominal) responsibility or human agency is the way in which social exclusion is not experient by forces beyond the control of the individual , but in fact a personal cream not to participate with the activities of wider society, thus excluding themselves from society by their own behaviour Giddens (2006).Using the previous example of inequality, an individual could choose to turn down a good job to become economically busy or abstain from voting in political elections Giddens(2006 p.356). Though this is an example the that focuses on inequality, social exclusion is a much broader concept than just that, and between sociologist there is much debate on how much agency really does go into social exclusion as a personal autonomy Bar ry(200), when compare it to other groups that do chose to isolate themselves from the wider society , for instance , affluent individuals groups that choose private health business organisation over the NHS or private schools as opposed to public schools, it is fair to suggest that there is thus a level of personal responsibility Fulcher and Scott (2011)

Acknowledgement Examples Essay Example for Free

Acknowledgement Examples Essay* First and foremost, we would akin to thank to our supervisor of this externalise, leave out Shyamala for the valuable guidance and advice. She inspired us greatly to work in this project. Her willingness to motivate us contributed enormously to our project. We also would like to thank her for showing us some example that related to the topic of our project. Besides, we would like to thank the authority of Multimedia University (MMU) for providing us with a good environment and facilities to complete this project. Also, we would like to cope this opportunity to thank to the Centre of Affiliated Diploma Programme (CADP) of Multimedia University (MMU) for offering this subject, Computing Project. It gave us an opportunity to participate and learn about the operation of flights ticket reservation. In addition, we would also like to thank Malaysia Airline System (MAS) which provide us valuable information as the guidance of our project. Fin totally y, an honorable abduce goes to our families and friends for their understandings and have a bun in the ovens on us in completing this project.Without helps of the particular that mentioned above, we would face many difficulties while doing this * Apart from the efforts of myself, the succeeder of any project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to say my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the supremacyful completion of this project. I would like to show my sterling(prenominal) appreciation to Prof. James Geller. I cant say thank you enough for his tremendous support and help.I feel motivated and encouraged every time I attend his meeting. Without his encouragement and guidance this project would not have materialized. The guidance and support received from all the members who contributed and who are contributing to this project, was vital for the success of the project. I am grateful for their constant s upport and help. * I would like to gratefully acknowledge the burning supervision of Dr. Ali Rezazadeh during this work. I thank Prof.Garth Swanson for the technical discussions on the spectral response model and Dr. S. E. Kanellopoulos for the help with opthalmic measurements and relevant discussions. Postgraduates of the Physical Electronics Research Group are thanked for numerous stimulating discussions, help with experimental apparatus and general advice in particular I would like to acknowledge the help of Dr. Jim Luck for his support. Sean Wootton, Kevin Smith and gouge Nicola are thanked for their assistance with all types of technical problems at all times.I am grateful to all my friends from International Hall, University of London, for being the surrogate family during the many years I stayed there and for their continued moral support there after. From the staff, Donald Mann and Margaret Wilson are especially thanked for their care and attention. Finally, I am forever indebted to my parents and Anita for their understanding, endless sedulousness and encouragement when it was most required. I am also grateful to Naela and Tanvir for their support.

Management and Team Essay Example for Free

direction and police squad EssayA group displaying stiff group execution of instrument be identified as having several characteristics. These atomic number 18 Clear Goals These ar essential and fix that the group as a whole be on the job(p) towards the same positive outcome thus ensuring an effective and in tune police squad. Defined Roles and job descriptions In order to encourage effective squad executing it is critical that each police squad up member in each position has definitive roles. When these argon non followed confusion is rife and the performance of the squad offer be severely damaged. Defined roles manipulate that each aggroup member is doing what they should, know who to call on for assistance in a real situation and makes for smooth and effective aggroup performance. Open and clear conversation This ensures that all team members turn out indoors a trusting and healthy inter soulal forum at work. Open and clear chats argon the only demeanor to ensure that a team performs effectively. Excellent communication throughout the team ensures that the team are working in sync with each other, make a strong in tune outfit. Effective decision do Teams must(prenominal) know training on effective decision making procedures in order for them to be effective.Read moreDefine the Key Features of Effective Team PerformanceIf a team follows this training then the performance is enhanced across the whole team and mostly the best decisions are made victimisation this process. Time is often saved using these techniques making for a happier healthier team. Participation from all team members Regular era and forums to gather all team members are essential to the performance of the team. It not only empowers workers to give their opinion but allows and encourages all within a team to give up their ideas and opinions validated thus making a positive enhancement on the team. Participation also encourages the sharing of idea s and knowledge within the team creating diversity within the team as a whole. Valued diversity E precise team member has a different idea, opinion or approach and so bringing all of the differences from each individual in concert this enhances the knowledge and diversity of the team as a whole. For type some genius may be methodical and the other creative. Between them they should put up all avenues covered to make a well rounded team when put together. Recognising, at supervisions and team meetings, each individuals strengths enables the team to have m some(prenominal) sides to use and in turn enhances performance.Managed conflict is essential to effective team performance as it stops issues and problems from cosmos ignored. It is a safe and positive bureau to defer problems and bring out new ideas in order to solve and put at ease any members of the team affected by this conflict. It gives team members a chance to be heard and a response sought in order to keep the team t he best that it can be. Positive atmosphere heap who are happy in their work have been proven to be more productive than those who abominate their position and so positivity is a must at all times within a team. Cooperative relationships An effective team gets on well and takes knowledge from co workers to improve the things they are little able to do alone. It has been proven that optimum team performance is achieved by team members who get along with each other. Participative leadershiphip An effective team with have leadership who are good role models.The leaders will be involved in the same type of work as all team members on occasion and display that they themselves can and will work as part of the team, even if they are at the top. It has been written that it should be difficult to identify the leader in effective teams upon observation. (Bruce Tuckman 1965) states that the best way to gain effective team performance is to follow his theory of Forming, Storming, Norming and performing. Following his theory tool is unquestionably a way forward and shows key features of effective team performance. When each stage is followed , a team should reach maximum performance quickly and with ease. (www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_86.htm) To summ proceed the features of effective team performance are to have a happy knowledgeable team who meet regularly, share experiences, ideas and knowledge, to ensure team members are valued and to create a happy work environment where conflicts are safely managed and management are actively bumpn and involved within the team. With all of the above features discernible within an organisations team should ensure and show excellent team performance.1.2 IDENTIFY THE CHALLENGES EXPERIENCED BY DEVELOPING TEAMSChallenges experienced by growing teams take on the notion that team members may become overwhelmed if the maturation is handled wrongly.Psychologist Bruce Tuckman (1965)says that in the initial stages of team development it is voiced for teams to become overwhelmed by expectations of what they are being asked to do. However if the theory and tools are used correctly, team development is planned carefully, and the plan followed then all challenges can be overcome. With any team, disengagement should be looked for as if members do not participate then they will not achieve the desired outcome. Reading more papers on the matter lead me to believe that if you keep a team engaged, have a stringent plan, outline goals for the team and orchestrate using tried and tested methods, all challenges that may arise will be overcome. Time is always difficult to find with developing teams to enable the progression. Regular time should be allowed for team performance meetings and it is always difficult to orchestrate a workforce to develop. However difficult, a conclusion from my reading is that teams unavoidableness time and without adequate time and a leader who knows what they are doing, developing teams can be seriously impaired.1.3 IDENTIFY THE CHALLENGES EXPERIENCED BY ESTABLISHED TEAMSEstablished teams can be difficult to change. If an ceremonious team has effective team performance then great but if an established team has team performance that is not good then an established team may be difficult to shape as they will not be used to the new strategies and ideas involved in upping their performance. Following on as a Manager into an environment already established is always difficult. convey in new ideas it is written that established teams can become un nerved and so this should be make using tried and tested techniques. It is important to identify in established teams what already works and grow with that and to slowly bring in new ideas and routes to enhance performance. Resistance to change is a natural response by human beings and should be looked out for and overcome quickly so as not to see a decline in positivity within established teams. (http//www.change-ma nagement.com/tutorial-pm-cm.htm)1.4 EXPLAIN HOW CHALLENGES TO EFFECTIVE TEAM PERFORMANCE wad BE OVERCOME.Team performance challenges can be overcome by using communication. Excellent communication is at the forefront of any issues and challenges with team performance. Listening is also equally as important as the team should be viewed as a whole and not as an individual. This builds trust and can be imperative in overcoming issues. The whole team will fell valued.Team time spent together can also be productive socialising and getting to know each other can alleviate stresses and strains and can make a firm foundation for problem solving.All team members must be treated as equals. Problems will come if team members feel that one member receives special treatment.A Manager must also show consistency when completing all tasks with the team. Offers of helping team members is a positive solution as if you do the work yourself and complete the task others will see that you are an equa l and should respond positively.1.5 collapse HOW DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT STYLES MAY INFLUENCE OUTCOMES OF TEAM PERFORMANCE. on that point are flipper management sorts widely used throughout the world today. They are Authoritarian Management A Manager at the head of the lodge decides how things are to be done and how each team member will work. There is no room for autonomy within this style. The Manager is solely trustworthy for devising attach to policy and implementing it. This Management style could isolate the team when used alone although there is a place in certain settings for this management style to be used.Democratic Management this heavy involves all employees and encourages them to have a sense of ownership and to be a part of the decision making process within a company. This Management style to me seems to be the most productive in further teamwork. Democratic Management is what is used in my own company through team meetings. Staff are involved in the changing of systems and work and it is very productive.Paternalistic Management is where the boss acts as a parent to the employees. This style encompasses employees social needs into the equasion and looks at them as a whole person instead of just a worker. I can see how this management style creates a friendly working environment although my worry would be that employees would become too familiar. I believe this syle to enhance team performance .Autocratic Management This is when a Manager makes decisions in line with their opinions and views and completely alone without the assistance of a team. This management style can leave employees feeling under valued and that they can have no opinion or say in how things are to be. There is no team involvement in this style. Autocratic management can often present as a well run company on the outside but on the inside employees may be dissatisfied thus team performance damaged severely.Laissez faire management This management theory is define d as having employees that manage their own sections of the melodic line and the over all manager watches from a distance. I like this management theory as at team meetings each member who has been responsible for their own areas can bring in their own achievements, problems and findings. If the properly people are placed in the right position this theory can be very productive. The over all manager can take more of a back seat if done well and the individuals can run the company but only if they are self motivated individuals.1.6 ANALYSE METHODS OF DEVELOPING TRUST AND ACCOUNTABILITYA democratic management style clearly develops trust as every team member is involved in the processes and operations of the company.Developing trust is based well-nigh communication. As we interact, question, disagree with and support decisions in a positive way, we build confidence in one other and promote overall group success ( Limas 2003)Key elements for developing trust are communication meth ods. Active listening, body language, group interaction and group communication must beused, observed and acted upon. This is why team meetings encompassing these are essential to develop group trust. The leader of all team interactions must be familiar with all communication methods with a view to trust buildings.Accountability development.Robust performance is based guided accountability. Within an organisation it is essential that all involved know their accountability and when this is acted upon. For instance Managers are accountable for ongoing training and how this is guided through supervisions and passed onto staff members.In a domiciliary care setting all workers have a job description and code of practice. They also receive training on safeguarding, record keeping and any other aspect of their day to day role. When workers have signed policies and procedures they will be aware of their own individual accountability. It is essential that regular training and updates are d one so that all know who is accountable and for what within a care setting. The Management need training in these matters so that they know their own responsibilities. Accountability is veritable when own responsibility is defined.1.7 contrast METHODS OF ADDRESSING CONFLICT WITHIN A TEAM.There are many methods of addressing conflict within a team. (Goldfien and Robbennolt 2007) developed a dual model based upon assertiveness and empathy and have proven that linking these together using their five conflict resolution is productive. These are avoidance conflict adopting a wait and see approach. This can often lead the conflict to go out of control.Yeilding conflict style this is based upon having more regard for the person creating the conflict than of ones own self. This is used by individuals who with to keep social situations pleasant. They give into demands so as to not upset the apple cart.Competitive conflict style this maximises individual assertiveness and minimises empat hy. This style is used for prevail people who simply wish to win or lose. This is an aggressive style of conflict that usually involves controversy and shouting and power games. It is based upon feelings of intimidation (Morrill 1995)Cooperation conflict style This style is when the individual takes into account twain sides of the conflict and to the best possible outcome for both parties. This style is based around the conflict being dealt with assertiveness and empathy in equal measure. According to literature that has been written on conflict resolution a cooperative conflict resolution style is recommended above all others ( Sternberg and Dobson 1987)Conciliation conflict style This style is based around fairness. Giving and taking actions are evident to reach half way thus promoting conflict resolution. This style is both yielding and co operative combined.When a conflict is evident then the management should seek these styles and act accordingly dependant on the nature o f the conflict. It is also to the highest degree personal preference and characteristics of the individuals involved in the conflict.My personal method of dealing with conflict within my company is the consiliation style first and foremost but with the different styles above I can use another if my natural choice is unsuccessful which it is not very often it does not work.ReferencesBruce Tuckman . (1965). Managent theories and styles. addressable http//www.mba-online-program.com. blend accessed fourteenth sept 2012.Goldfien and Robbennolt. (2007). conflict resolution. Available http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/conflict_resolution_conflict_management. Last accessed 08th oct 2012.management. (2011). established teams. Available http//www.change-management.com/tutorial-pm-cm.htm). Last accessed 08th oct 2012.MIT human resources. (2012). Accountibility. Available http//hrweb.mit.edu/performance-development/accountibility. Last accessed 08th oct 2012.Morill and Sternberg and Dobson. (1995 ). Conflict resolution. Available http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/conflict_resolution.conflict_management. Last accessed 08th oct 2012.Univerity of Florida. (2010). Developing trust and co operation. Available http//edis.ifas.ufl/fy748. Last accessed 08th oct 2012.wikihow. (2010). How to build trust. Available http//www.wikihow.com/build-trust. Last accessed 08th oct 2012.

Manpower Issues Essay Example for Free

Manpower Issues EssayThe stiff food industry is a advertise driven sector. It has an extensive requirement of manpower to serve the increasing flow of consumer traffic at the outlets. Skilled labor with fast pace of work is the basic requirement for this job. It is mostly youngsters who are suitable for this job scarcely it can be stressful and at times hazardous. This industry requirement for coarse hours of duty, on the toe at all times and attentive to the needs of the customer is quite an emerging task. There is no doubt that the emergence and growth of this industry sector has solved the unemployment problem to a great extent.Many youngsters have found a living in this industry but the have packages earlier were not very attractive. The pay scales have no doubt improved now but the work conditions remain almost the same. The Back Yard Burgers currently employ over 10,000 people passim their chain of eating places. Each restaurant employs around 25 employees, of whic h some are part timers. A company-operated restaurant has a unit supervisor and two co-unit supervisors. Each unit supervisor reports to the order manager.A district manager has about five to eight restaurants in their supervision. Their role constitutes of keeping tabs on all aspects of trading operations and management of the restaurants in their jurisdiction. Each of these district managers report to the Director of Operations. The company endorses strict training and military force development strategy. All personnel have to go by a personnel-training program on fast friendly and efficient customer service, restaurant cleanliness, and proper management of day-to-day operations.The employees have to go through classroom sessions that brief them about aspects of food safety, sanitation, laws, and regulations related to the food industry and operational aspects of restaurant. The company envisages labor to be a critical factor in the coming years since the opportunities have in creased manifolds. The gather up for skilled labor is rising and this will lead to higher wages and compensation packages. Managing and retaining quality custody in this industry will be a little difficult task and the key to potent manpower management is to keep the employees happy and satisfied with their jobs.

Reducing Gases Emitted from Car Engines Essay Example for Free

Reducing Gases Emitted from Car Engines EssayThe automobile persistence has become one of the leading pollutants in most urban centers today. The emission of various gases from million of vehicles in roads has contributed to major global problem. Personal railway cars have emerged as the most notorious ones for this problem curiously when they are moving at slow speeds or idling in traffic jams. This is the time when this world made gadgets produces the maximum emissions to the atmosphere with every body around that traffic absorbing the poison. Gasoline and diesel engine engine locomotive terminates combustion produces a mixture of hydrocarbons chief(prenominal)ly carbon atoms, hydrogen as healthy as oxygen. The hydrocarbons are flingted as fragments of molecules of burns which are burned partially. They do reactions with nitrogen oxides and in sunlights presence to make ground level ozone which becomes a main part of smog. This Ozone is harmful to human health as well as being toxic and or so(prenominal)times causes cancer. Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) is produced in conditions of high pressure and temperature in the engine. about nitrogen and oxygen atoms form nitrogen oxides after the reaction. NOX also contribute to creation of ozone as well as acidic rains which are harmful to the environment. NO2 which is much more potential than carbon dioxide as a common land ingleside gas is produced in the engine by catalytic conversion of massive nitrogen gases in car exhausts systems. It contributes up about 7. 2 percent of gases responsible for global warming. ascorbic acid monoxide, a colorless, odorless and poisonous gas is emitted from car engines after incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon-based fuels.It comprises of one atom of carbon and one oxygen atom interlinked together. Jeff Cohen asserts that, these results from having too low air-to fuel proportions in the car engine during the starting process of the car or when the car is not tuned on in the proper way. 1 This also takes place in higher altitudes in which case the amount of oxygen available for combustion the fuel is greatly lowered. Transportation sources especially personal cars contributes to about two thirds of carbon monoxide.Carbon dioxide has been sensed as complete combustion product but of late it has been seen as a pollutant since it is a commons digest gas which traps the heat from the earth resulting to global warming. Of late, Bio-diesel has come up as one of the main renewable fuels and a provider of good opportunity for getting fossil fuel alternatives that assist in reducing emission of these kB gases. It is capable of creating good blends in different ratios with diesel either saucily or the used up crude oil.This implies that Bio-diesel when used either completely or partially with diesel fuel in deferent vehicle engines brings about some economical, environmental as well as well-disposed merits. On the other hand, while Bio-diesel co ntributes to these deviates, it also has some challenges on the uncontrolled substances which comprises of carbonyl compounds that are released in the process of emitting the combusted bio-diesels or bio-diesel and diesel blends. Since the fuels are quite different from the normal diesel fuels, they can change the injection as well as ignition processes.Due to this, the emission of green house gases such(prenominal) as CO, CO2, and NOX are greatly affected. This research aims at evaluating the effects of bio-diesel on combustion of diesel fuels as well as their emissions and control in order to take in a picture of the opportunities and challenges provided by the bio-diesel fuels. 1. Jeff, C. Does Idling Your Car Hurt Gas mileage? Solve Your Problem. com, 2007, retrieved 28 May 2009, http//www. solveyourproblem. com/save-money-on-gas/idling-car-gas-mileage. shtml. Problem lineMost the current car engines are purported to use diesel fuel which is notorious for emitting green hous e gases. Other engines which employ diesel and bio-diesel mixture have not indicated the most appropriate ratio of meld the fuels and the optimum speed and rack to emit the least amount of these gases to the atmosphere. The research therefore seeks to obtain the best ration of mixing diesel with bio-diesel or lavishness oil and the best rack to emit the least amount of gases to the atmosphere. Theses assertmentObtaining the most appropriate ratio of mixing fuels for car engines would assist in reducing the amount of green house emitted from these cars. This would help to aviate the global challenges imposed by the foresaid problem. Objectives main Objective The main aim of the research is to sign up the amount of green house gases emitted from car diesel engines. Specific objectives These include obtaining the best ratio of mixing several fuels either diesel with bio-diesel, diesel with float oil or bio-diesel with waste oil or the best engine speed and rack for this. domain o f the research The research would investigate the most appropriate ratio of mixing different fuels but it has some limitations of financial resources and time. Literature Review There is much concern all over the globe to reduce the emission of green house gases by 10% in the near future. Much emphasis has been on emissions of these gases from transportation fuels. In 2005, the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) New Delhi came up with a passenger car engine that operated on bio-diesel fuel.This was developed from modifications of the traditional Indica diesel engine that was made some few days ago. The engine used 10 per cent of bio-diesel fuel mixed with diesel to operate the engine. This development, however experiences some significant challenges in that it would take a lot of duration for any manufacture to come up with fully developed bio-diesel engine cars. In March 2009, United Environment and Energy LLC chemists came up with fixed-bed nuclear reactor design that was consi dered energy-efficient and high through in put continuous flow.It was perceived as cost-effective for product of algae oil bio-diesel. This was termed as the first economical approach in production of bio-diesel from algae oil. Although, the design has been able to reduce cost by 40% it did not reduce the emission of green house gases to an effective percentage. Tsinghua University researchers in China in May 2009 tried to use sugarcane juice as a good feedstock indented for production of bio-diesel if utilized to give support to alga Chlorella protothecoides through the process of heterotrophic fermentation.This produced oil content of about 53. 0% by weight of dry cell. In May 2009, Iowa State University inquiryers presented a proposal on dissolution of waste polystyrene (PS) in bio-diesel. This aimed at making the bio-diesel for consumption in motor vehicles more so in diesel engines as an approach to recover energy from the waste plastic. The researchers pointed out that the u se of polystyrene-bio-diesel blends would lead to increase in engine power thus reduced emissions of green house gases.This still intents increase polystyrene concentrations with 5% as per the study. To help reduce the emissions of green house gases, tom Harkin and some US senators, in June 2009 proposed to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to halt inclusion of in acquire land use change effects as contributor to life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions in regularize making indented for carrying out updated Renewable Fuels Standard that demands all bio-fuels to meet some defined life-cycle green house gas emission reduction targets prior to qualification.This research intents to come up with a more comfortable approach of reducing the gases emitted from motor car diesel engines by obtaining the most optimum ratio of mixing bio-diesel, waste oil and diesel in car engine at the optimum engine speed. Research Methodology The research is conducted by experimenting the amount of g reen gases released from a diesel engine when diesel, bio-diesel, and waste oil are used at different to obtain different engine torques while the engine is increases from initial speed of 1500 rpm to 3200 rpm.The three fuels are used either purely or mixed with severally other at different ratios while the rack is either maintained at 50% or at 100%. The amount of gases emitted for each condition is recorded in a table. The calves for the different gases emitted obtained at different speeds and racks are then plotted in several graphs. This is used to obtain the best fuel mixture and optimum speed and rack which release the least amount of gases to the atmosphere.

Video game developer Essay Example for Free

Video farinaceous developer EssayGiven the current pressures from competitors and substitutes, what should Nintendo do? (last learner ID digits = 0 3) Nowadays, electronic game industry has three dimensions traditional video game console field, PC and online game sector, and new emerged smartphone game sector. Historically, Nintendo was the leader in traditional video game console sector with highest profit boundary line than its competitive peers, Sony and Microsoft. As the engineering science developing, however, the whole electronic game industry is at a turning point.The difference among three sectors will become vaguer and vaguer. As Sony and Microsoft caught up the profit margin and smartphone sector emerged, Nintendo is on the cliff of revolution. Given the current pressures from competitors and substitutes, Nintendo should revolute follow * Protect current customer bag by keeping on positioning wider age range game player (i. e. from teenager to senor generation). * scourge its graphic obstacle by building up alliance with graphic chip makers, such as NVidia.* Enhance its leadership in video game sector by keeping on investiture in motion demodulator game technology. In addition, touch screen might be a good complement. Next generation game will have more and more motion sensor elements, Nintendo must stand on the edge of this trend. * Construct game download computer program website for game coder and persuade them to sell their products on the website (i. e. mimic smartphone game sector to save cost for both Nintendo games suppliers and customers).* alteration its customers shopping habit and provide game trails on the game download platform website. * Invade online game sector by persuading game programmer sell their game updates or complements on the Nintendo game platform website (i. e. mimic online game sector strategy to capture higher profit margin from updates). * Keep on supporting its royal and reliable game programmers/supp liers by sharing game and game platform website technology while monitoring programmers and suppliers royalty (i. e. keep on monitoring and examining Nintendo and its game suppliers alliance).

Case Study Stress Related Essay Example for Free

Case Study Stress Related EssayMichael is to 52-year-old male who was referred to me for warehousing problems. Michael stated that his wife has complained that he has become very forgetful lately. Michael in addition stated that he feels anxious due to the position that his wife has threatened divorce, be pee-pee he works too much and the thought that he may slip his job. He also explained that at times its very difficult for him to pay vigilance in class. He stated that his mind wonders allowing him to remember only main concepts and not the details of square. When an singular is experiencing problems which cause extreme air and anxiety that Michael is experiencing it erect cause memory loss and what psychologist calls flowing consciousness. When an individual receives new reading it goes to the sensory memory where it is coded then to the works memory for temporary storage and usance of the task. The working memory is a combination of attention, concentration, sh ort- name memory and has a limited capacity (Cowan, 2005). staple fiber structure and part of memory can be explained through what is called the stage model theory that was initially proposed in 1968 (Mcleod, 2007) The stage model consists of three stages sensory memory, short- name memory and long-term memory (Clark, 2012). sensory memory is the first stage of memory. Memories are stored here for a very short time around 3 or 4 seconds (Clark, 2012). Long enough for the information to be coded and sent to the short term memory (Clark, 2012). Short term memory is active memory or what you are thinking of at this given moment. It is also called the working memory (Ashcraft, 2001). Long term memory is information that is stored in memory, barely mainly outside our consciousness (MRC, 1993). However it can be recalled through our working memory (MRC, 1993). The working memory has three components (Ashcraft, 2001. The main component is called the central executive (Ashcraft, 2001). It regulates and coordinates the flow of information within the working memory (Ashcraft, 2001). It also performs storage and processing functions. The second is the Phonological Loop (Ashcraft, 2001). This component stores verbal material (Ashcraft, 2001).The third is the visiospatial sketchpadthat processes material based on its visual and spatial characteristics (Ashcraft, 2001). There is significant differentiate that stress affects the working memory (Luethi, 2009). For example, an individuals ability to solve math problems, reading and retrieval of information from long term memory are all affected by stress (Luethi, 2009). Stress also affects an individuals ability to accurately recall emotional events (Luethi, 2009). For example, the case involving Ronald Cotton and Jennifer Thompson who was convicted of rape and dog-tired 10 years in prison, because of the victims misidentification. Cotton was later released due to DNA evidence (Thompson, 2000).Psychological research find ings show that many circumstances that lead to eyewitness testimony may be flawed and manipulated, says APAs general counsel Nathalie Gilfoyle (Azar, 2011). It is no longer enough to make a conviction in our legal system today, because it is unreliable (Azar, 2011). The limbic system is the part of the brain that is responsible for memory as well as feelings of pleasure (Bailey, 2012). It consists of two large structures called the amygdala and genus Hippocampus (Bailey, 2012). These two structures play an all important(p) role in memory. The amygdala determines what memories are to be stored and where they are to be stored within the brain (Bailey, 2012). The hippocampus is responsible for sending memories out to the cerebral hemisphere for long-term storage and when necessary an individual is to intend them (Bailey, 2012). Stress can be very harmful for the limbic system as seen in this case. Michael is experiencing some(prenominal) of the affects.For Michaels working memory to function properly it needs Michaels ability to concentrate and be fully attentive and this is almost impossible when there is extreme stress. Michael is so stressed due to inward thoughts standardised his marital issues, the thought of losing his job, and memory loss which is a symptom of the stress and anxiety he is otiose to give his full attention to anything else. He is only taking in bits and pieces of information, because of the stress and the thoughts that are causing the stress. Stress is the reason behind Michaels memory loss. Michael also stated that it is difficult for him to pay attention and that his mind wonders. This is due to what is called flowing consciousness.The brain will use this technique to take a break from the concentrated attention that is being given to the stress related issues that Michael is experiencing so it can nidus on storing information in his longterm memory. In other words his working memory gets over loaded and must shut down partially to store information from his short term memory to his long term memory. There are several strategies that would help Michael strengthen his memory for example, yoga, exercise, uphold a datebook for appointments and number one is to take care of his health and eat nutritious meals. The body cannot function properly when it is sleep deprived and is experiencing a lack of nutrients. We all experience stress in our lives at one time or another its almost inevitable sometimes it just cant be helped. But we can change the way it affects us.ReferencesAshcraft, M. H., Kirk, E. P. (2001). The relationships among working memory, math anxiety, and performance. Journal of observational Psychology General, 130, 224-237. Azar, B. (2011). Amercian Psychological Association. The limits of eyewitness testimony. Retrieved June 03, 2012 from www.apa.org December 2011 Monitor on Psychology Cowan, N. (2005). A Workout for working Memory.Retrieved June 03, 2012 from www.apa.org September 2005 M onitor on PsychologyClark, D. (2012). Atkinson Shiffrin three-stage model of memory (sensory, STM, LTM). Retrieved June 06, 2012 from donaldclarkplanb.blogspot.com//atkinson-shiffrin-three- stage- modLuethi, M., Meier, B., Sandi, C. (2009). Stress Effects on Working Memory, Explicit Memory,and Implicit Memory for Neutral and Emotional Stimuli in Healthy Men. Retrieved June 03,2012 from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Front Behav Neurosci v.2 2008Mcleod. S. (2007). Multistore poser of Memory- Akinson and Shiffren, 1968. Retrieved June 02, 2012 fromwww.simplypsychology.org/multi-store.html MRC (1993). Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit.Baddeley, A.D. (1993). Working memoryor working attention? In A. Baddeley L. Weiskrantz (Eds.), Attention Selection,awareness, and conquer A tribute to Donald Broadbent (152-170). Retrieved June03, 2012 from www.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk Articles listed by year of publicationThompson, J. (2000). Common Dreams. I was Certain but I was Dead Wrong. Retrieved June0 3, 2012 from www.commondreams.org/views/062500-103.htmBailey, R. (2012). About.Com. Limbic System. Retrieved June 03, 2012 frombiology.about.com/od/anatomy/a/aa042205a.htm